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syslog-ng Store Box 6.0.5 - Administration Guide

Preface Introduction The concepts of SSB The Welcome Wizard and the first login Basic settings User management and access control Managing SSB Configuring message sources Storing messages on SSB Forwarding messages from SSB Log paths: routing and processing messages Configuring syslog-ng options Searching log messages Searching the internal messages of SSB Classifying messages with pattern databases The SSB RPC API Troubleshooting SSB Security checklist for configuring SSB Glossary

Licensing examples

Example: A simple example

Scenario:

  • You want to deploy an SSB appliance as a log server.
  • 45 servers with syslog-ng PE installed in client mode send logs to the SSB log server.
  • 45 networks devices without syslog-ng PE installed send logs to the SSB log server.

License requirements: You need a syslog-ng Store Box license for at least 100 Log Source Host (LSH) as there are 90 LSHs (45+45=90) in this scenario.

Example: Using alternative log servers with syslog-ng PE clients

Scenario:

  • You want to deploy an SSB appliance as a log server.
  • 45 servers with syslog-ng PE installed in client mode send logs to the SSB log server.
  • 45 networks devices without syslog-ng PE installed send logs to the SSB log server.
  • 100 servers with syslog-ng PE installed send log messages to a log server without syslog-ng PE installed.

License requirements: You need a syslog-ng Store Box license for at least 200 LSHs as there are 190 LSHs (45+45 that send logs to a syslog-ng PE log server, and another 100 that run syslog-ng PE, 45+45+100=190) in this scenario.

Example: Using syslog-ng PE relays

Scenario:

  • You want to deploy an SSB appliance as a log server.
  • 45 servers with syslog-ng PE installed in client mode send logs directly to the SSB log server.
  • 5 servers with syslog-ng PE installed in relay mode send logs to the SSB log server.
  • Every syslog-ng PE relay receives logs from 9 networks devices without syslog-ng PE installed (a total of 45 devices).
  • 100 servers with syslog-ng PE installed send log messages to a log server without syslog-ng PE installed.

License requirements: You need a syslog-ng Store Box license for at least 200 LSH as there are 195 LSHs (45+5+(5*9)+100=195) in this scenario.

Example: Multiple facilities

You have two facilities (for example, data centers or server farms). Facility 1 has 75 AIX servers and 20 Microsoft Windows hosts, Facility 2 has 5 HP-UX servers and 40 Debian servers. That is 140 hosts altogether.

NOTE:

If, for example, the 40 Debian servers at Facility 2 are each running 3 virtual hosts, then the total number of hosts at Facility 2 is 125, and the license sizes in the following examples should be calculated accordingly.

  • Scenario: The log messages are collected to a single, central SSB log server.

    License requirements: You need a syslog-ng Store Box license for 150 LSH as there are 140 LSHs (75+20+5+40) in this scenario.

  • Scenario: Each facility has its own SSB log server, and there is no central log server.

    License requirements: You need two separate licenses: a license for at least 95 LSHs (75+20) at Facility 1, and a license for at least 45 LSHs (5+40) at Facility 2. You need a license for 100 LSHs at Facility 1, and a license for 50 LSHs at Facility 2.

  • Scenario: The log messages are collected to a single, central SSB log server. Facility 1 and 2 each have a syslog-ng PE relay that forwards the log messages to the central SSB log server.

    License requirements: You need a syslog-ng Store Box license for 150 LSH as there are 142 LSHs (1+75+20+1+5+40) in this scenario (since the relays are also counted as an LSH).

  • Scenario: Each facility has its own local SSB log server, and there is also a central SSB log server that collects every log message independently from the two local log servers.

    License requirements: You need three separate licenses. A syslog-ng Store Box a license for at least 95 LSHs (75+20) at Facility 1, a license for at least 45 LSHs (5+40) at Facility 2, and also a license for at least 142 LSHs for the central syslog-ng Store Box log server (assuming that you want to collect the internal logs of the local log servers as well).

The structure of a log message

The following sections describe the structure of log messages. Currently there are two standard syslog message formats:

BSD-syslog or legacy-syslog messages

This section describes the format of a syslog message, according to the legacy-syslog or BSD-syslog protocol (see RFC 3164). A syslog message consists of the following parts:

The total message must be shorter than 1024 bytes.

The following example is a sample syslog message:

<133>Feb 25 14:09:07 webserver syslogd: restart

The message corresponds to the following format:

<priority>timestamp hostname application: message

The different parts of the message are explained in the following sections.

NOTE:

The syslog-ng application supports longer messages as well. For details, see the Message size option. However, it is not recommended to enable messages larger than the packet size when using UDP destinations.

The PRI message part

The PRI part of the syslog message (known as Priority value) represents the facility and severity of the message. Facility represents the part of the system sending the message, while severity marks its importance. The Priority value is calculated by first multiplying the facility number by 8 and then adding the numerical value of the severity. The possible facility and severity values are presented below.

NOTE:

Facility codes may slightly vary between different platforms.

The following table lists the facility values.

Table 1: syslog message facilities
Numerical Code Facility
0 kernel messages
1 user-level messages
2 mail system
3 system daemons
4 security/authorization messages
5 messages generated internally by syslogd
6 line printer subsystem
7 network news subsystem
8 UUCP subsystem
9 clock daemon
10 security/authorization messages
11 FTP daemon
12 NTP subsystem
13 log audit
14 log alert
15 clock daemon
16-23 locally used facilities (local0-local7)

The following table lists the severity values.

Table 2: syslog Message severities
Numerical Code Severity
0 Emergency: system is unusable
1 Alert: action must be taken immediately
2 Critical: critical conditions
3 Error: error conditions
4 Warning: warning conditions
5 Notice: normal but significant condition
6 Informational: informational messages
7 Debug: debug-level messages
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