syslog-ng Open Source Edition 3.30 - Administration Guide

Example for using the if {} and else {} blocks in your configuration

The following configuration can be used as a template for using the if {} and else {} blocks:

log{
  source { example-msg-generator(num(1) template("...,STRING-TO-MATCH,..."));};
  source { example-msg-generator(num(1) template("...,NO-MATCH,..."));};
 
if (message("STRING-TO-MATCH")) 
   {   
    destination { file(/dev/stdout template("matched: $MSG\n") persist-name("1")); };
   }
else    
   {
    destination { file(/dev/stdout template("unmatched: $MSG\n") persist-name("2")); };
   };
};

The configuration results in the following console printout:

matched: ...,STRING-TO-MATCH,...
unmatched: ...,NO-MATCH,...

Example: Using junctions

For example, suppose that you have a single network source that receives log messages from different devices, and some devices send messages that are not RFC-compliant (some routers are notorious for that). To solve this problem in earlier versions of syslog-ng OSE, you had to create two different network sources using different IP addresses or ports: one that received the RFC-compliant messages, and one that received the improperly formatted messages (for example, using the flags(no-parse) option). Using junctions this becomes much more simple: you can use a single network source to receive every message, then use a junction and two channels. The first channel processes the RFC-compliant messages, the second everything else. At the end, every message is stored in a single file. The filters used in the example can be host() filters (if you have a list of the IP addresses of the devices sending non-compliant messages), but that depends on your environment.

log {
    source {
        syslog(
            ip(10.1.2.3)
            transport("tcp")
            flags(no-parse)
        );
    };
    junction {
        channel {
            filter(f_compliant_hosts);
            parser {
                syslog-parser();
            };
        };
        channel {
            filter(f_noncompliant_hosts);
        };
    };
    destination {
        file("/var/log/messages");
    };
};

Since every channel receives every message that reaches the junction, use the flags(final) option in the channels to avoid the unnecessary processing the messages multiple times:

log {
    source {
        syslog(
            ip(10.1.2.3)
            transport("tcp")
            flags(no-parse)
        );
    };
    junction {
        channel {
            filter(f_compliant_hosts);
            parser {
                syslog-parser();
            };
            flags(final);
        };
        channel {
            filter(f_noncompliant_hosts);
            flags(final);
        };
    };
    destination {
        file("/var/log/messages");
    };
};

Note that syslog-ng OSE has several parsers that you can use to parse non-compliant messages. You can even write a custom syslog-ng parser in Python. For details, see parser: Parse and segment structured messages.

Example: Using log path flags

Let's suppose that you have two hosts (myhost_A and myhost_B) that run two applications each (application_A and application_B), and you collect the log messages to a central syslog-ng server. On the server, you create two log paths:

• one that processes only the messages sent by myhost_A, and

• one that processes only the messages sent by application_A.

This means that messages sent by application_A running on myhost_A will be processed by both log paths, and the messages of application_B running on myhost_B will not be processed at all.

• If you add the final flag to the first log path, then only this log path will process the messages of myhost_A, so the second log path will receive only the messages of application_A running on myhost_B.

• If you create a third log path that includes the fallback flag, it will process the messages not processed by the first two log paths, in this case, the messages of application_B running on myhost_B.

• Adding a fourth log path with the catchall flag would process every message received by the syslog-ng server.

  log { source(s_localhost); destination(d_file); flags(catchall); };

The following example shows a scenario that can result in message loss. Do NOT use such a configuration, unless you know exactly what you are doing. The problem is if a message matches the filters in the first part of the first log path, syslog-ng OSE treats the message as 'processed'. Since the first log path includes the final flag, syslog-ng OSE will not pass the message to the second log path (the one with the fallback flag). As a result, syslog-ng OSE drops messages that do not match the filter of the embedded log path.

# Do not use such a configuration, unless you know exactly what you are doing.
log {
    source(s_network);
    # Filters in the external log path.
    # If a message matches this filter, it is treated as 'processed'
    filter(f_program);
    filter(f_message);
    log {
        # Filter in the embedded log path.
        # If a message does not match this filter, it is lost, it will not be processed by the 'fallback' log path
        filter(f_host);
        destination(d_file1);
    };
    flags(final);
};

log {
    source(s_network);
    destination(d_file2);
    flags(fallback);
};

Example: Using the drop-unmatched flag

In the following example, if a log message arrives whose $MSG part does not contain the string foo, then syslog-ng OSE will discard the message and will not check compliance with the second if condition.

...
if {
    filter { message('foo') };
    flags(drop-unmatched)
};
if {
    filter { message('bar') };
};
...

(Without the drop-unmatched flag, syslog-ng OSE would check if the message complies with the second if condition, that is, whether or not the message contains the string bar .)