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syslog-ng Open Source Edition 3.25 - Administration Guide

Preface Introduction to syslog-ng The concepts of syslog-ng Installing syslog-ng The syslog-ng OSE quick-start guide The syslog-ng OSE configuration file source: Read, receive, and collect log messages
How sources work default-network-drivers: Receive and parse common syslog messages internal: Collecting internal messages file: Collecting messages from text files wildcard-file: Collecting messages from multiple text files linux-audit: Collecting messages from Linux audit logs network: Collecting messages using the RFC3164 protocol (network() driver) nodejs: Receiving JSON messages from nodejs applications mbox: Converting local email messages to log messages osquery: Collect and parse osquery result logs pipe: Collecting messages from named pipes pacct: Collecting process accounting logs on Linux program: Receiving messages from external applications python: writing server-style Python sources python-fetcher: writing fetcher-style Python sources snmptrap: Read Net-SNMP traps sun-streams: Collecting messages on Sun Solaris syslog: Collecting messages using the IETF syslog protocol (syslog() driver) system: Collecting the system-specific log messages of a platform systemd-journal: Collecting messages from the systemd-journal system log storage systemd-syslog: Collecting systemd messages using a socket tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Collecting messages from remote hosts using the BSD syslog protocol— OBSOLETE unix-stream, unix-dgram: Collecting messages from UNIX domain sockets stdin: Collecting messages from the standard input stream
destination: Forward, send, and store log messages
amqp: Publishing messages using AMQP collectd: sending metrics to collectd elasticsearch2: Sending messages directly to Elasticsearch version 2.0 or higher (DEPRECATED) elasticsearch-http: Sending messages to Elasticsearch HTTP Bulk API file: Storing messages in plain-text files graphite: Sending metrics to Graphite Sending logs to Graylog hdfs: Storing messages on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) Posting messages over HTTP http: Posting messages over HTTP without Java kafka: Publishing messages to Apache Kafka (Java implementation) kafka: Publishing messages to Apache Kafka (C implementation, using the librdkafka client) loggly: Using Loggly logmatic: Using Logmatic.io mongodb: Storing messages in a MongoDB database network: Sending messages to a remote log server using the RFC3164 protocol (network() driver) osquery: Sending log messages to osquery's syslog table pipe: Sending messages to named pipes program: Sending messages to external applications pseudofile() python: writing custom Python destinations redis: Storing name-value pairs in Redis riemann: Monitoring your data with Riemann slack: Sending alerts and notifications to a Slack channel smtp: Generating SMTP messages (email) from logs snmp: Sending SNMP traps Splunk: Sending log messages to Splunk sql: Storing messages in an SQL database stomp: Publishing messages using STOMP syslog: Sending messages to a remote logserver using the IETF-syslog protocol syslog-ng(): Forward logs to another syslog-ng node tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Sending messages to a remote log server using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol (tcp(), udp() drivers) Telegram: Sending messages to Telegram unix-stream, unix-dgram: Sending messages to UNIX domain sockets usertty: Sending messages to a user terminal: usertty() destination Write your own custom destination in Java or Python Client-side failover
log: Filter and route log messages using log paths, flags, and filters Global options of syslog-ng OSE TLS-encrypted message transfer template and rewrite: Format, modify, and manipulate log messages parser: Parse and segment structured messages db-parser: Process message content with a pattern database (patterndb) Correlating log messages Enriching log messages with external data Statistics of syslog-ng Multithreading and scaling in syslog-ng OSE Troubleshooting syslog-ng Best practices and examples The syslog-ng manual pages Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License Glossary

smtp() destination options

The smtp() sends email messages using SMTP, without needing external applications. The smtp() destination has the following options:

body()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: The BODY field of the email. You can also use macros in the string. Use \n to start a new line. For example:

body("syslog-ng OSE received the following alert from $HOST:\n$MSG")
bcc()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: The BCC recipient of the email (contents of the BCC field). You can specify the email address, or the name and the email address. Set the bcc() option multiple times to send the email to multiple recipients. For example: bcc("admin@example.com") or bcc("Admin" "admin@example.com") or bcc("Admin" "admin@example.com") bcc("Admin2" "admin2@example.com")

You can also use macros to set the value of this parameter.

cc()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: The CC recipient of the email (contents of the CC field). You can specify the email address, or the name and the email address. Set the cc() option multiple times to send the email to multiple recipients. For example: cc("admin@example.com") or cc("Admin" "admin@example.com") or cc("Admin" "admin@example.com") cc("Admin2" "admin2@example.com")

You can also use macros to set the value of this parameter.

disk-buffer()

Description: This option enables putting outgoing messages into the disk buffer of the destination to avoid message loss in case of a system failure on the destination side. It has the following options:

reliable()
Type: yes|no
Default: no

Description: If set to yes, syslog-ng OSE cannot lose logs in case of reload/restart, unreachable destination or syslog-ng OSE crash. This solution provides a slower, but reliable disk-buffer option. It is created and initialized at startup and gradually grows as new messages arrive. If set to no, the normal disk-buffer will be used. This provides a faster, but less reliable disk-buffer option.

Caution:

Hazard of data loss! If you change the value of reliable() option when there are messages in the disk-buffer, the messages stored in the disk-buffer will be lost.

dir()
Type: string
Default: N/A

Description: Defines the folder where the disk-buffer files are stored.

Caution:

When creating a new dir() option for a disk buffer, or modifying an existing one, make sure you delete the persist file.

syslog-ng OSE creates disk-buffer files based on the path recorded in the persist file. Therefore, if the persist file is not deleted after modifying the dir() option, then following a restart, syslog-ng OSE will look for or create disk-buffer files in their old location. To ensure that syslog-ng OSE uses the new dir() setting, the persist file must not contain any information about the destinations which the disk-buffer file in question belongs to.

disk-buf-size()
Type: number (bytes)
Default:

Description: This is a required option. The maximum size of the disk-buffer in bytes. The minimum value is 1048576 bytes. If you set a smaller value, the minimum value will be used automatically. It replaces the old log-disk-fifo-size() option.
mem-buf-length()
Type: number (messages)
Default: 10000
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to no. This option contains the number of messages stored in overflow queue. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It inherits the value of the global log-fifo-size() option if provided. If it is not provided, the default value is 10000 messages. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to yes.
mem-buf-size()
Type: number (bytes)
Default: 163840000
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to yes. This option contains the size of the messages in bytes that is used in the memory part of the disk buffer. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It does not inherit the value of the global log-fifo-size() option, even if it is provided. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to no.
qout-size()
Type: number (messages)
Default: 64
Description: The number of messages stored in the output buffer of the destination. Note that if you change the value of this option and the disk-buffer already exists, the change will take effect when the disk-buffer becomes empty.

Options reliable() and disk-buf-size() are required options.

Example: Examples for using disk-buffer()

In the following case reliable disk-buffer() is used.

destination d_demo {
    network(
        "127.0.0.1"
        port(3333)
        disk-buffer(
            mem-buf-size(10000)
            disk-buf-size(2000000)
            reliable(yes)
            dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
        )
    );
};

In the following case normal disk-buffer() is used.

destination d_demo {
    network(
        "127.0.0.1"
        port(3333)
           disk-buffer(
            mem-buf-length(10000)
            disk-buf-size(2000000)
            reliable(no)
            dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
        )
    );
};
batch-bytes()
Accepted values: number [bytes]
Default: none

Description: Sets the maximum size of payload in a batch. If the size of the messages reaches this value, syslog-ng OSE sends the batch to the destination even if the number of messages is less than the value of the batch-lines() option.

Note that if the batch-timeout() option is enabled and the queue becomes empty, syslog-ng OSE flushes the messages only if batch-timeout() expires, or the batch reaches the limit set in batch-bytes().

Available in syslog-ng OSE version 3.19 and later.

batch-lines()
Type: number
Default: 1

Description: Specifies how many lines are flushed to a destination in one batch. The syslog-ng OSE application waits for this number of lines to accumulate and sends them off in a single batch. Increasing this number increases throughput as more messages are sent in a single batch, but also increases message latency.

For example, if you set batch-lines() to 100, syslog-ng OSE waits for 100 messages.

If the batch-timeout() option is disabled, the syslog-ng OSE application flushes the messages if it has sent batch-lines() number of messages, or the queue became empty. If you stop or reload syslog-ng OSE or in case of network sources, the connection with the client is closed, syslog-ng OSE automatically sends the unsent messages to the destination.

Note that if the batch-timeout() option is enabled and the queue becomes empty, syslog-ng OSE flushes the messages only if batch-timeout() expires, or the batch reaches the limit set in batch-lines().

For optimal performance, make sure that the syslog-ng OSE source that feeds messages to this destination is configured properly: the value of the log-iw-size() option of the source must be higher than the batch-lines()*workers() of the destination. Otherwise, the size of the batches cannot reach the batch-lines() limit.

batch-timeout()
Type: time in milliseconds
Default: -1 (disabled)

Description: Specifies the time syslog-ng OSE waits for lines to accumulate in the output buffer. The syslog-ng OSE application sends batches to the destinations evenly. The timer starts when the first message arrives to the buffer, so if only few messages arrive, syslog-ng OSE sends messages to the destination at most once every batch-timeout() milliseconds.

from()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: The sender of the email (contents of the FROM field). You can specify the email address, or the name and the email address. For example:

from("admin@example.com")
or
from("Admin" "admin@example.com")

If you specify the from() option multiple times, the last value will be used. Instead of the from() option, you can also use sender(), which is just an alias of the from() option.

You can also use macros to set the value of this parameter.

header()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: Adds an extra header to the email with the specified name and content. The first parameter sets the name of the header, the second one its value. The value of the header can contain macros. Set the header() option multiple times to add multiple headers. For example:

header("X-Program", "$PROGRAM")

When using the header option, note the following points:

  • Do not use the header() option to set the values of headers that have dedicated options. Use it only to add extra headers.

  • If you set the same custom header multiple times, only the first will be added to the email, other occurrences will be ignored.

  • It is not possible to set the DATE, Return-Path, Original-Recipient, Content-*, MIME-*, Resent-*, Received headers.

hook-commands()

Description: This option makes it possible to execute external programs when the relevant driver is initialized or torn down. The hook-commands() can be used with all source and destination drivers with the exception of the usertty() and internal() drivers.

NOTE: The syslog-ng OSE application must be able to start and restart the external program, and have the necessary permissions to do so. For example, if your host is running AppArmor or SELinux, you might have to modify your AppArmor or SELinux configuration to enable syslog-ng OSE to execute external applications.

Using the hook-commands() when syslog-ng OSE starts or stops

To execute an external program when syslog-ng OSE starts or stops, use the following options:

startup()
Type: string
Default: N/A

Description: Defines the external program that is executed as syslog-ng OSE starts.

shutdown()
Type: string
Default: N/A

Description: Defines the external program that is executed as syslog-ng OSE stops.

Using the hook-commands() when syslog-ng OSE reloads

To execute an external program when the syslog-ng OSE configuration is initiated or torn down, for example, on startup/shutdown or during a syslog-ng OSE reload, use the following options:

setup()
Type: string
Default: N/A

Description: Defines an external program that is executed when the syslog-ng OSE configuration is initiated, for example, on startup or during a syslog-ng OSE reload.

teardown()
Type: string
Default: N/A

Description: Defines an external program that is executed when the syslog-ng OSE configuration is stopped or torn down, for example, on shutdown or during a syslog-ng OSE reload.

Example: Using the hook-commands() with a network source

In the following example, the hook-commands() is used with the network() driver and it opens an iptables port automatically as syslog-ng OSE is started/stopped.

The assumption in this example is that the LOGCHAIN chain is part of a larger ruleset that routes traffic to it. Whenever the syslog-ng OSE created rule is there, packets can flow, otherwise the port is closed.

source {
   network(transport(udp)
	hook-commands(
          startup("iptables -I LOGCHAIN 1 -p udp --dport 514 -j ACCEPT")
          shutdown("iptables -D LOGCHAIN 1")
        )
     );
};
host()
Type: hostname or IP address
Default: n/a

Description: Hostname or IP address of the SMTP server.

NOTE:

If you specify host="localhost", syslog-ng OSE will use a socket to connect to the local SMTP server. Use host="127.0.0.1" to force TCP communication between syslog-ng OSE and the local SMTP server.

log-fifo-size()
Type: number
Default: Use global setting.

Description: The number of messages that the output queue can store.

port()
Type: number
Default: 25

Description: The port number of the SMTP server.

reply-to()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: Replies of the recipient will be sent to this address (contents of the REPLY-TO field). You can specify the email address, or the name and the email address. Set the reply-to() option multiple times to send the email to multiple recipients. For example: reply-to("admin@example.com") or reply-to("Admin" "admin@example.com") or reply-to("Admin" "admin@example.com") reply-to("Admin2" "admin2@example.com")

You can also use macros to set the value of this parameter.

retries()
Type: number (of attempts)
Default: 3

Description: The number of times syslog-ng OSE attempts to send a message to this destination. If syslog-ng OSE could not send a message, it will try again until the number of attempts reaches retries, then drops the message.

subject()
Type: string
Default: n/a

Description: The SUBJECT field of the email. You can also use macros. For example:

subject("[SYSLOG ALERT]: Critical error message received from $HOST")

If you specify the subject() option multiple times, the last value will be used.

throttle()
Type: number
Default: 0

Description: Sets the maximum number of messages sent to the destination per second. Use this output-rate-limiting functionality only when using disk-buffer as well to avoid the risk of losing messages. Specifying 0 or a lower value sets the output limit to unlimited.

to()
Type: string
Default: localhost

Description: The recipient of the email (contents of the TO field). You can specify the email address, or the name and the email address. Set the to() option multiple times to send the email to multiple recipients. For example: to("admin@example.com") or to("Admin" "admin@example.com") or to("Admin" "admin@example.com") to("Admin2" "admin2@example.com")

You can also use macros to set the value of this parameter.

snmp: Sending SNMP traps

The snmp() driver sends SNMP traps using the Simple Network Management Protocol version 2c or version 3. Incoming log messages can be converted to SNMP traps, as the fields of the SNMP messages can be customized using syslog-ng OSE macros.

The snmp() driver is available in syslog-ng OSE version 3.22 and later.

NOTE:

The snmp destination driver currently supports sending SNMP traps only using the UDP transport protocol.

The snmp() driver requires the host(), trap-obj(), and snmp-obj() options to be set, as well as the engine-id() and version() options when using the SNMPv3 protocol. For the list of available optional parameters, see snmp() destination options.

Declaration:
destination d_snmp {snmp(host() trap-obj() snmp-obj() ...);};

Caution:

If syslog-ng OSE cannot resolve the destination hostname during startup, it will try to resolve the hostname again when the next message to be sent as an SNMP trap is received. However, if this name resolution fails, the trap will be dropped.

NOTE:

The snmp() destination driver does not generate MARK signals itself, but can receive and forward MARK signals.

Example: Using the snmp() destination driver

The following example defines an SNMP destination that uses the SNMPv2c protocol.

destination d_snmpv2c{
    snmp(
        version('v2c')
        host('192.168.1.1')
        trap-obj('.1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.4.1.0', 'Objectid', '.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.2.1')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.1.0', 'Octetstring', 'Test SNMP trap')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.2.0', 'Octetstring', 'admin')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.3.0', 'Ipaddress', '192.168.1.1')
        );
};

The following example defines an SNMP destination that uses the SNMPv3 protocol and uses macros to fill the values of the SNMP objects.

destination d_snmpv3{
    snmp(
        version('v3')
        host('192.168.1.1')
        port(162)
        engine-id('0xdeadbeefde')
        auth-username('myusername')
        auth-password('password')
        enc-algorithm('AES')
        enc-password('password')
        trap-obj('.1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.4.1.0', 'Objectid', '.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.2.1')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.1', 'Octetstring', '${MESSAGE}')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.2', 'Octetstring', 'admin')
        snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.3', 'Ipaddress', '${SOURCEIP}')
        );
};

snmp() destination options

This driver sends SNMP traps using the SNMP v2c or v3 protocol.

The snmp() destination has the following options:

auth-algorithm()
Type: SHA|sha
Default: SHA

Description: The authentication method to use. Lowercase values (for example, sha) can be used as well.

This option is used with the SNMPv3 protocol.

auth-password()
Type: string
Default: empty string

Description: The password used for authentication. If the auth-username() option is set but the auth-password() is empty, syslog-ng OSE will try to authenticate with an empty password.

This option is used with the SNMPv3 protocol.

auth-username()
Type: string
Default: empty string

Description: The username used to authenticate on the SNMP server. If this parameter is set, syslog-ng OSE will try to authenticate on the SNMP server.

This option is used with the SNMPv3 protocol.

community()
Type: string
Default: public

Description: The community string used for SNMPv2c authentication.

This option is used with the SNMPv2c protocol.

enc-algorithm()
Type: AES|aes
Default: AES

Description: The encryption method used to encrypt the SNMP traffic. Lowercase values (for example, aes) can be used as well.

This option is used with the SNMPv3 protocol.

enc-password()
Type: string
Default:

Description: The password used for the encryption. Encryption is used only if the enc-password() is not empty.

This option is used with the SNMPv3 protocol.

engine-id()
Type: number (hexadecimal number)
Default:

Description: The engine ID is a hexadecimal number at least 10 digits long, starting with 0x. for example, 0xABABABABAB.

This option is a required parameter when using the SNMPv3 protocol.

host()
Type: hostname or IP address
Default: n/a

Description: Hostname of the SNMP server.

log-fifo-size()
Type: number
Default: Use global setting.

Description: The number of messages that the output queue can store.

port()
Type: number (port number)
Default: 162

Description: The port number to connect to.

snmp-obj()
Type: <oid_of_the_object>, <type_of_the_object>, <value_of_the_object>
Default: n/a

Description: The snmp-obj() option can be used to create custom SNMP trap elements. To create a trap element, specify the OID, type, and value of the element in the snmp-obj() option. To send SNMP traps, at least one snmp-obj() option must be defined. The snmp-obj() option requires the following parameters. Note that syslog-ng OSE does not validate the values of these elements.

  • <oid_of_the_object>: The object id of the SNMP object, for example, .1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.1.

  • <type_of_the_object>: The type of the object specified as an ASN.1 primitive. One of: Integer, Timeticks, Octetstring, Counter32, Ipaddress, Objectid. The type names are not case sensitive.

  • <value_of_the_object>: The value of the object as a string. The macros of syslog-ng OSE can be used to set these values, making it possible to transfer the content and other metadata from the the syslog message to the SNMP trap. Note that if the value of an Integer, Counter32 or Timeticks object is not a number (for example, is an empty string or other not-number string), syslog-ng OSE will automatically replace the value with 0. The values of other types of objects are not validated.

Example: Defining SNMP objects

The following are SNMP object definitions:

snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.3', 'Ipaddress', '192.168.1.1')
snmp-obj('.1.3.6.1.4.1.18372.3.1.1.1.1.2', 'Octetstring', '${MESSAGE}')
time-zone()
Type: name of the timezone, or the timezone offset
Default: unspecified

Description: Convert timestamps to the timezone specified by this option. If this option is not set, then the original timezone information in the message is used. Converting the timezone changes the values of all date-related macros derived from the timestamp, for example, HOUR. For the complete list of such macros, see Date-related macros.

The timezone can be specified by using the name, for example, time-zone("Europe/Budapest")), or as the timezone offset in +/-HH:MM format, for example, +01:00). On Linux and UNIX platforms, the valid timezone names are listed under the /usr/share/zoneinfo directory.

trap-obj()
Type: <oid_of_the_object>, "Objectid", <value_of_the_object>
Default: n/a

Description: The trap-obj() is a specialized version of the snmp-obj() option that is used to identify the SNMP trap object. The type of the trap object is always Objectid. The <oid_of_the_object> and the <value_of_the_object> parameters are identical to the respective parameters of the snmp-obj() option. For details on these parameters, see snmp-obj().

NOTE:

Using the trap-obj() object is equivalent to using the snmp-obj() with the Objectid type.

version()
Type: v2c|v3
Default: v2c

Description: Specifies which version of the SNMP protocol to use.

NOTE:

The syslog-ng OSE application will accept any valid option for the snmp() destination, but will only use the ones relevant to the selected protocol version, any other option will be ignored. For example, if the version("v2c") engine-id("0xABABABABAB") community("mycommunity") options are set, syslog-ng OSE will accept every option, but process only the community() option, because engine-id() applies only to SNMPv3.

Splunk: Sending log messages to Splunk

Although syslog-ng OSE currently does not have any built-in integration with Splunk, the existing message-formatting features and flexibility of syslog-ng OSE allows you to forward your log messages to Splunk. In syslog-ng OSE version 3.8 or later, you can use the http() destination. In earlier versions, you can use the program() destination.

For details on forwarding log messages to Splunk with syslog-ng OSE see the following posts on the Splunk blog:

Note that the syslog-ng Premium Edition application has a dedicated Splunk destination. For details, see splunk-hec: Sending messages to Splunk HTTP Event Collector.

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