syslog-ng Open Source Edition 3.25 - Administration Guide

XML parser

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a text-based open standard designed for both human-readable and machine-readable data interchange. Like JSON, it is used primarily to transmit data between a server and web application. It is described in W3C Recommendation: Extensible Markup Language (XML).

The XML parser processes input in XML format, and adds the parsed data to the message object.

To create an XML parser, define an xml_parser that has the xml() option. By default, the parser will process the ${MESSAGE} part of the log message. To process other parts of a log message using the XML parser, use the template() option. You can also define the parser inline in the log path.

parser xml_name {
    xml(
        template()
        prefix()
        drop-invalid()
        exclude-tags()
        strip-whitespaces()
    );
};

source s_local {
    file("/tmp/aaa");
};

destination d_local {
    file(
        "/tmp/bbb"
        template("$(format-json .xml.*)\n")
    );
};

parser xml_parser {
    xml();
};

log {
    source(s_local);
    parser(xml_parser);
    destination(d_local);
};

log {
    source(s_file);
    parser { xml(prefix(".SDATA")); };
    destination(d_file);
};

The XML parser inserts an ".xml" prefix by default before the extracted name-value pairs. Since format-json replaces a dot with an underscore at the beginning of keys, the ".xml" prefix becomes "_xml". Attributes get an _ prefix. For example, from the XML input:

<tags attr='attrval'>part1<tag1>Tag1 Leaf</tag1>part2<tag2>Tag2 Leaf</tag2>part3</tags>

The following output is generated:

{"_xml":{"tags":{"tag2":"Tag2 Leaf","tag1":"Tag1 Leaf","_attr":"attrval","tags":"part1part2part3"}}}

When the text is separated by tags on different levels or tags on the same level, the parser simply concatenates the different parts of text. For example, from this input XML:

<tag>
 <tag1>text1</tag1>
 <tag1>text2</tag1>
</tag>

The following output is generated:

.xml.tag.tag1 = text1text2

Whitespaces are kept as they are in the XML input. No collapsing happens on significant whitespaces. For example, from this input XML:

<133>Feb 25 14:09:07 webserver syslogd: <b>|Test\n\n   Test2|</b>\n

The following output is generated:

[2017-09-04T13:20:27.417266] Setting value; msg='0x7f2fd8002df0', name='.xml.b', value='|Test\x0a\x0a   Test2|'

However, note that users can choose to strip whitespaces using the strip-whitespaces() option.

Configuration hints

Define a source that correctly detects the end of the message, otherwise the XML parser will consider the input invalid, resulting in a parser error.

To ensure that the end of the XML document is accurately detected, use any of the following options:

• Ensure that the XML is a single-line message.

• In the case of multiline XML documents:

  • If the opening and closing tags are fixed and known, you can use multi-line-mode(prefix-suffix). Using regular expressions, specify a prefix and suffix matching the opening and closing tags. For details on using multi-line-mode(prefix-suffix), see the multi-line-prefix() and multi-line-suffix() options.

  • In the case of TCP, you can encapsulate and send the document in syslog-protocol format, and use a syslog() source. Make sure that the message conforms to the octet counting method described in RFC6587.

    For example:

    59 <133>Feb 25 14:09:07 webserver syslogd: <book>\nText\n</book>

    Considering the new lines as one character, 59 is appended to the original message.

  • You can use a datagram-based source. In the case of datagram-based sources, the protocol signals the end of the message automatically. Ensure that the complete XML document is written in one message.

  • Unless the opening and closing tags are fixed and known, stream-based sources are currently not supported.

In case you experience issues, start syslog-ng with debug logs enabled. There will be a debug log about the incoming log entry, which shows the complete message to be parsed. The entry should contain the entire XML document.

Limitations of the XML parsers

The XML parser comes with certain limitations.

<vector>
    <entry>value1</entry>
    <entry>value2</entry>
    ...
    <entry>valueN</entry>
</vector>

vector.entry = "value1value2...valueN"

$ xmllint --xpath "/vector/entry/text()" test.xml
value1value2valueN%

Options of the XML parsers

The XML parser has the following options.

parser xml_parser {
    xml(
        template("$MSG")
        exclude-tags("tag1", "tag2", "inner*")
    );
};

<tag1>Text1</tag1><tag2>Text2</tag2><tag3>Text3<innertag>TextInner</innertag></tag3>

{"_xml":{"tag3":"Text3"}}

parser xml_parser {
    xml(
        template("$MSG")
        strip-whitespaces(yes)
    );
};

<tag1> Tag </tag1>

{"_xml":{"tag1":"Tag"}}

template()

Description: The macro that contains the part of the message that the parser will process. It can also be a macro created by a previous parser of the log path. By default, the parser processes the entire message (${MESSAGE}).

Parsing dates and timestamps

The date parser can extract dates from non-syslog messages. It operates by default on the ${MESSAGE} part of the log message, but can operate on any template or field provided. The parsed date will be available as the sender date (that is, the ${S_DATE}, ${S_ISODATE}, ${S_MONTH}, and so on, and related macros). (To store the parsed date as the received date, use the time-stamp(recvd) option.)

Note that parsing will fail if the format string does not match the entire template or field. Since by default syslog-ng OSE uses the ${MESSAGE} part of the log message, parsing will fail, unless the log message contains only a date, but that is unlikely, so practically you will have to segment the message (for example, using a csv-parser()) before using the date-parser(). You can also use date-parser() to parse dates received in a JSON or key-value-formatted log message.

parser parser_name {
    date-parser(
        format("<format-string-for-the-date>")
        template("<field-to-parse>'")
    );
};

source s_file {
    file("/tmp/input" flags(no-parse));
};

destination d_file {
    file(
        "/tmp/output"
        template("${S_ISODATE} ${MESSAGE}\n")
    );
};

log {
    source(s_file);
    parser { date-parser(format("%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %Z") template("${MY_DATE}")); };
    destination(d_file);
};

date-parser(format("%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %Z") template("$(substr ${MESSAGE} 0 24)") );

date-parser(format(
    "%FT%T.%f",
    "%F %T,%f",
    "%F %T"
));