syslog-ng Premium Edition 7.0.34 - Administration Guide

The Enterprise-wide message model or EWMM allows you to deliver structured messages from the initial receiving syslog-ng component right up to the central log server, through any number of hops. It does not matter if you parse the messages on the client, on a relay, or on the central server, their structured results will be available where you store the messages. Optionally, you can also forward the original raw message as the first syslog-ng component in your infrastructure has received it, which is important if you want to forward a message for example, to a SIEM system. To make use of the enterprise-wide message model, you have to use the syslog-ng() destination on the sender side, and the default-network-drivers() source on the receiver side.

The syslog-ng() destination driver is available in version 7.0.9 and later. The node that receives this message must use the default-network-drivers() source to properly handle the messages.

The following is a sample log message in EWMM format.

<13>1 2018-05-13T13:27:50.993+00:00 my-host @syslog-ng - - -
{"MESSAGE":"<34>Oct 11 22:14:15 mymachine su: 'su root' failed for username on
/dev/pts/8","HOST_FROM":"my-host","HOST":"my-host","FILE_NAME":"/tmp/in","._TAGS":".source.s_file"}

Declaration

destination d_ewmm {
    syslog-ng(server("192.168.1.1"));
};

Note in this driver you have to set the address of the destination server using the server() parameter (in some other destinations, this parameter does not have an explicit name).

syslog-ng() destination options

The syslog-ng() destination is a special version of the network() destination driver: by default, it sends EWMM-formatted log messages to the TCP514 port of the server.

disk-buffer()

Description: This option enables putting outgoing messages into the disk-buffer file of the destination to avoid message loss in case of a system failure on the destination side. It has the following options:

dir()

Type:

string

Default:

N/A

Description: Defines the folder where the disk-buffer files are stored.

Note that changing the value the dir() option will not move or copy existing files from the old directory to the new one.

Caution:

When creating a new dir() option for a disk-buffer file, or modifying an existing one, make sure you delete the persist file.

syslog-ng PE creates disk-buffer files based on the path recorded in the persist file. Therefore, if the persist file is not deleted after modifying the dir() option, then following a restart, syslog-ng PE will look for or create disk-buffer files in their old location. To ensure that syslog-ng PE uses the new dir() setting, the persist file must not contain any information about the destinations which the disk-buffer file in question belongs to.

disk-buf-size()
Type:	number [bytes]
Default:
Description: This is a required option. The maximum size of the disk-buffer file in bytes. The minimum value is 1048576 bytes. If you set a smaller value, the minimum value will be used automatically. It replaces the old log-disk-fifo-size() option.

mem-buf-length()
Type:	number [messages]
Default:	10000
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to no. This option contains the number of messages stored in overflow queue. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It inherits the value of the global log-fifo-size() option if provided. If it is not provided, the default value is 10000 messages. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to yes.

mem-buf-size()
Type:	number [bytes]
Default:	163840000
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to yes. This option contains the size of the messages in bytes that is used in the memory part of the disk-buffer file. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It does not inherit the value of the global log-fifo-size() option, even if it is provided. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to no.

quot-size()
Type:	number [messages]
Default:	1000
Description: The number of messages stored in the output buffer of the destination. Note that if you change the value of this option and the disk-buffer file already exists, the change will take effect when the disk-buffer file becomes empty.

reliable()

Type:

yes|no

Default:

Description: If set to yes, syslog-ng PE cannot lose logs in case of reload/restart, unreachable destination or syslog-ng PE crash. This solution provides a slower, but reliable disk-buffer option. It is created and initialized at startup and gradually grows as new messages arrive. If set to no, the normal disk-buffer option will be used. This provides a faster, but less reliable disk-buffer option.

Caution: Hazard of data loss!

If you change the value of reliable() option when there are messages in the disk-buffer file, the messages stored in the disk-buffer file will be lost.

truncate-size-ratio()

Type:

number (for percentage) between 0 and 1

Default:

0.1 (10%)

Description: Limits the truncation of the disk-buffer file. Truncating the disk-buffer file can slow down disk I/O operations, but it saves disk space. As a result, syslog-ng PE only truncates the file if the possible disk gain is more than truncate-size-ratio() times disk-buf-size().

Caution:

One Identity recommends that you do not modify the value of the truncate-size-ratio() option unless you are fully aware of the potential performance implications.

Example: Examples for using disk-buffer()

In the following case, reliable disk-buffer() is used.

destination d_demo {
    network("127.0.0.1"
        port(3333)
        disk-buffer(
            mem-buf-size(10000)
            disk-buf-size(2000000)
            reliable(yes)
            dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
        )
    );
};

In the following case normal disk-buffer() is used.

destination d_demo {
    network("127.0.0.1"
        port(3333)
        disk-buffer(
            mem-buf-length(10000)
            disk-buf-size(2000000)
            reliable(no)
            dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
        )
    );
};

failover()

Description: Available only in syslog-ng Premium Edition version 7.0.9 and later. For details about how client-side failover works, see Client-side failover.

servers()

Type:

list of IP addresses and fully-qualified domain names

Default:

empty

Description: Specifies a secondary destination server where log messages are sent if the primary server becomes inaccessible. To list several failover servers, separate the address of the servers with comma. By default, syslog-ng PE waits for the a server before switching to the next failover server is set in the time-reopen() option.

If failback() is not set, syslog-ng PE does not attempt to return to the primary server even if it becomes available. In case the failover server fails, syslog-ng PE attempts to connect the next failover server in the list in round-robin fashion. This is the default behavior in syslog-ng PE version 7.0.9 and earlier.

Caution:

The failover servers must be accessible on the same port as the primary server.

failback()

Description: Available only in syslog-ng Premium Edition version 7.0.10 and later.

When syslog-ng PE starts up, it always connects to the primary server first. In the failover() option there is a possibility to customize the failover modes.

Depending on how you set the failback() option, syslog-ng PE behaves as follows:

round-robin mode: If failback() is not set, syslog-ng PE does not attempt to return to the primary server even if it becomes available. In case the failover server fails, syslog-ng PE attempts to connect the next failover server in the list in round-robin fashion. This is the default behavior in syslog-ng PE version 7.0.9 and earlier.
Example: round-robin mode

In the following example syslog-ng PE handles the logservers in round-robin fashion if the primary logserver becomes inaccessible (therefore failback() option is not set).
```
destination d_network {
     network(
          "primary-server.com"
          port(601)
          failover( servers("failover-server1", "failover-server2") )
);  
};
```
failback mode: If failback() is set, syslog-ng PE attempts to return to the primary server.

After syslog-ng PE connects a secondary server during a failover, it sends a probe every tcp-probe-interval() seconds towards the primary server. If the primary logserver responds with a TCP ACK packet, the probe is successful. When the number of successful probes reaches the value set in the successful-probes-required() option, syslog-ng PE tries to connect the primary server using the last probe.

NOTE: syslog-ng PE always waits for the result of the last probe before sending the next message. So if one connection attempt takes longer than the configured interval, that is, it waits for connection time out, you may experience longer intervals between actual probes.
Example: failback mode

In the following example syslog-ng PE attempts to return to the primary logserver, as set in the failback() option: it will check if the server is accessible every tcp-probe-interval() seconds, and reconnect to the primary logserver after three successful connection attempts.
```
destination d_network_2 {
     network(
          "primary-server.com"
          port(601)
          failover( 
		servers("failover-server1", "failover-server2")
               failback(
                    successful-probes-required()
                    tcp-probe-interval()
               )
          )
);  
};
```

Default value for tcp-probe-interval(): 60 seconds

Default value for successful-probes-required(): 3

NOTE: This option is not available for the connection-less UDP protocol, because in this case the client does not detect that the destination becomes inaccessible.

Example: Specifying failover servers for syslog() destinations

The following example specifies two failover servers for a simple syslog() destination.

destination d_syslog_tcp{
    syslog("10.100.20.40"
        transport("tcp")
        port(6514)
        failover-servers("10.2.3.4", "myfailoverserver")
    );
};

The following example specifies a failover server for a network() destination that uses TLS encryption.

destination d_syslog_tls{
    network("10.100.20.40"
        transport("tls")
        port(6514)
        failover-servers("10.2.3.4", "myfailoverserver")
        tls(peer-verify(required-trusted)
        ca-dir('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/ca.d/')
        key-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/client_key.pem')
        cert-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/client_certificate.pem'))
    );
};

flags()

Type:	no-multi-line, syslog-protocol
Default:	empty set

Description: Flags influence the behavior of the destination driver.

no-multi-line: The no-multi-line flag disables line-breaking in the messages: the entire message is converted to a single line.
syslog-protocol: The syslog-protocol flag instructs the driver to format the messages according to the new IETF syslog protocol standard (RFC5424), but without the frame header. If this flag is enabled, macros used for the message have effect only for the text of the message, the message header is formatted to the new standard. Note that this flag is not needed for the syslog driver, and that the syslog driver automatically adds the frame header to the messages.

flush-lines()

Type:	number
Default:	Use global setting.

Description: Specifies how many lines are flushed to a destination at a time. The syslog-ng PE application waits for this number of lines to accumulate and sends them off in a single batch. Increasing this number increases throughput as more messages are sent in a single batch, but also increases message latency.

The syslog-ng PE application flushes the messages if it has sent flush-lines() number of messages, or the queue became empty. If you stop or reload syslog-ng PE or in case of network sources, the connection with the client is closed, syslog-ng PE automatically sends the unsent messages to the destination.

For optimal performance when sending messages to a syslog-ng PE server, make sure that the flush-lines() is smaller than the window size set using the log-iw-size() option in the source of your server.

flush-timeout() (DEPRECATED)

Type:	time in milliseconds
Default:	Use global setting.

Description: This is a deprecated option. Specifies the time syslog-ng waits for lines to accumulate in its output buffer. For details, see the flush-lines() option.

frac-digits()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: The syslog-ng PE application can store fractions of a second in the timestamps according to the ISO8601 format. The frac-digits() parameter specifies the number of digits stored. The digits storing the fractions are padded by zeros if the original timestamp of the message specifies only seconds. Fractions can always be stored for the time the message was received.

NOTE: The syslog-ng PE application can add the fractions to non-ISO8601 timestamps as well.

NOTE: As syslog-ng PE is precise up to the microsecond, when the frac-digits() option is set to a value higher than 6, syslog-ng PE will truncate the fraction seconds in the timestamps after 6 digits.

ip-protocol()

Type:	number
Default:	4

Description: Determines the internet protocol version of the given driver (network() or syslog()). The possible values are 4 and 6, corresponding to IPv4 and IPv6. The default value is ip-protocol(4).

Note that listening on a port using IPv6 automatically means that you are also listening on that port using IPv4. That is, if you want to have receive messages on an IP-address/port pair using both IPv4 and IPv6, create a source that uses the ip-protocol(6). You cannot have two sources with the same IP-address/port pair, but with different ip-protocol() settings (it causes an Address already in use error).

For example, the following source receives messages on TCP, using the network() driver, on every available interface of the host on both IPv4 and IPv6.

source s_network_tcp {
    network(
        transport("tcp")
        ip("::")
        ip-protocol(6)
        port(601)
    );
};

ip-tos()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the Type-of-Service value of outgoing packets.

ip-ttl()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the Time-To-Live value of outgoing packets.

keep-alive()

Type:	yes or no
Default:	yes

Description: Specifies whether connections to destinations should be closed when syslog-ng is reloaded. Note that this applies to the client (destination) side of the syslog-ng connections, server-side (source) connections are always reopened after receiving a HUP signal unless the keep-alive option is enabled for the source.

localip()

Type:	string
Default:	0.0.0.0

Description: The IP address to bind to before connecting to target.

localport()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: The port number to bind to. Messages are sent from this port.

log-fifo-size()

Type:	number
Default:	Use global setting.

Description: The number of messages that the output queue can store.

mark-freq()

Accepted values:	number [seconds]
Default:	1200

Description: An alias for the obsolete mark() option, retained for compatibility with syslog-ng version 1.6.x.

The number of seconds between two MARK messages. MARK messages are generated when there was no message traffic to inform the receiver that the connection is still alive. If set to zero (0), no MARK messages are sent. The mark-freq() can be set for global option and/or every MARK capable destination driver if mark-mode() is periodical or dst-idle or host-idle. If mark-freq() is not defined in the destination, then the mark-freq() will be inherited from the global options. If the destination uses internal mark-mode(), then the global mark-freq() will be valid (does not matter what mark-freq() set in the destination side).

mark-mode()

Accepted values:

Default:

internal for pipe, program drivers

none for file, unix-dgram, unix-stream drivers

global for syslog, tcp, udp destinations

host-idle for global option

Description: The mark-mode() option can be set for the following destination drivers: file(), program(), unix-dgram(), unix-stream(), network(), pipe(), syslog() and in global option.

internal: When internal mark mode is selected, internal source should be placed in the log path as this mode does not generate mark by itself at the destination. This mode only yields the mark messages from internal source. This is the mode as syslog-ng PE 3.x worked. MARK will be generated by internal source if there was NO traffic on local sources:

file(), pipe(), unix-stream(), unix-dgram(), program()
dst-idle: Sends MARK signal if there was NO traffic on destination drivers. MARK signal from internal source will be dropped.

MARK signal can be sent by the following destination drivers: network(), syslog(), program(), file(), pipe(), unix-stream(), unix-dgram().
host-idle: Sends MARK signal if there was NO local message on destination drivers. For example, MARK is generated even if messages were received from tcp. MARK signal from internal source will be dropped.

MARK signal can be sent by the following destination drivers: network(), syslog(), program(), file(), pipe(), unix-stream(), unix-dgram().
periodical: Sends MARK signal perodically, regardless of traffic on destination driver. MARK signal from internal source will be dropped.

MARK signal can be sent by the following destination drivers: network(), syslog(), program(), file(), pipe(), unix-stream(), unix-dgram().
none: Destination driver drops all MARK messages. If an explicit mark-mode() is not given to the drivers where none is the default value, then none will be used.
global: Destination driver uses the global mark-mode() setting. Note that setting the global mark-mode() to global causes a syntax error in syslog-ng PE.

NOTE: In case of dst-idle, host-idle and periodical, the MARK message will not be written in the destination, if it is not open yet.

Available in syslog-ng PE 4 LTS and later.

port() or destport()

Type:	number
Default:	514

Description: The port number to connect to. Note that the default port numbers used by syslog-ng do not comply with the latest RFC which was published after the release of syslog-ng 3.0.2, therefore the default port numbers will change in the future releases.

server()

Type:	hostname or IP address
Default:	127.0.0.1

Description: The hostname or IP address of the syslog-ng server.

so-broadcast()

Type:	yes or no
Default:	no

Description: This option controls the SO_BROADCAST socket option required to make syslog-ng send messages to a broadcast address. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.

so-keepalive()

Type:	yes or no
Default:	no

Description: Enables keep-alive messages, keeping the socket open. This only effects TCP and UNIX-stream sockets. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.

so-rcvbuf()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the size of the socket receive buffer in bytes. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.

so-sndbuf()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the size of the socket send buffer in bytes. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.

suppress()

Type:	seconds
Default:	0 (disabled)

Description: If several identical log messages would be sent to the destination without any other messages between the identical messages (for example, an application repeated an error message ten times), syslog-ng can suppress the repeated messages and send the message only once, followed by the Last message repeated n times. message. The parameter of this option specifies the number of seconds syslog-ng waits for identical messages.

tcp-keepalive-intvl()

Type:	number [seconds]
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the interval (number of seconds) between subsequential keepalive probes, regardless of the traffic exchanged in the connection. This option is equivalent to /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl. The default value is 0, which means using the kernel default.

Caution:

The tcp-keepalive-time(), tcp-keepalive-probes(), and tcp-keepalive-intvl() options only work on platforms which support the TCP_KEEPCNT, TCP_KEEPIDLE,and TCP_KEEPINTVL setsockopts. Currently, this is Linux.

A connection that has no traffic is closed after tcp-keepalive-time() + tcp-keepalive-intvl() * tcp-keepalive-probes() seconds.

Available in syslog-ng PE version and later.

tcp-keepalive-probes()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the number of unacknowledged probes to send before considering the connection dead. This option is equivalent to /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes. The default value is 0, which means using the kernel default.

Caution:

A connection that has no traffic is closed after tcp-keepalive-time() + tcp-keepalive-intvl() * tcp-keepalive-probes() seconds.

Available in syslog-ng PE version 7.0 and later.

tcp-keepalive-time()

Type:	number [seconds]
Default:	0

Description: Specifies the interval (in seconds) between the last data packet sent and the first keepalive probe. This option is equivalent to /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time. The default value is 0, which means using the kernel default.

Caution:

A connection that has no traffic is closed after tcp-keepalive-time() + tcp-keepalive-intvl() * tcp-keepalive-probes() seconds.

Available in syslog-ng PE version and later.

template()

Type:	string
Default:	A format conforming to the default logfile format.

Description: Specifies a template defining the logformat to be used in the destination. Macros are described in Macros of syslog-ng PE. Please note that for network destinations it might not be appropriate to change the template as it changes the on-wire format of the syslog protocol which might not be tolerated by stock syslog receivers (like syslogd or syslog-ng itself). For network destinations make sure the receiver can cope with the custom format defined.

template-escape()

Type:	yes or no
Default:	no

Description: Turns on escaping for the ', ", and backspace characters in templated output files. This is useful for generating SQL statements and quoting string contents so that parts of the log message are not interpreted as commands to the SQL server.

throttle()

Type:	number
Default:	0

Description: Sets the maximum number of messages sent to the destination per second. Use this output-rate-limiting functionality only when using the disk-buffer option as well to avoid the risk of losing messages. Specifying 0 or a lower value sets the output limit to unlimited.

time-zone()

Type:	name of the timezone, or the timezone offset
Default:	unspecified

Description: Convert timestamps to the timezone specified by this option. If this option is not set, then the original timezone information in the message is used. Converting the timezone changes the values of all date-related macros derived from the timestamp, for example, HOUR. For the complete list of such macros, see Date-related macros.

The timezone can be specified as using the name of the (for example, time-zone("Europe/Budapest")), or as the timezone offset in +/-HH:MM format (for example, +01:00). On Linux and UNIX platforms, the valid timezone names are listed under the /usr/share/zoneinfo directory.

tls()

Type:	tls options
Default:	n/a

Description: This option sets various options related to TLS encryption, for example, key/certificate files and trusted CA locations. TLS can be used only with tcp-based transport protocols. For details, see TLS options.

transport()

Type:	udp, tcp, or tls
Default:	tcp

Description: Specifies the protocol used to send messages to the destination server.

If you use the udp transport, syslog-ng PE automatically sends multicast packets if a multicast destination address is specified. The tcp transport does not support multicasting.

ts-format()

Type:	rfc3164, bsd, rfc3339, iso
Default:	rfc3164

Description: Override the global timestamp format (set in the global ts-format() parameter) for the specific destination. For details, see ts-format().

tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Sending messages to a remote log server using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol (tcp(), udp() drivers)

Sending and storing log messages — destinations and destination drivers > tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Sending messages to a remote log server using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol (tcp(), udp() drivers)

NOTE: The tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), and udp6() drivers are obsolete. Use the network() source and the network() destination instead. For details, see network: Collecting messages using the RFC3164 protocol (network() driver) and network: Sending messages to a remote log server using the RFC3164 protocol (network() driver), respectively.

To convert your existing tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), udp6() source drivers to use the network() driver, see Change an old destination driver to the network() driver.

The tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), and udp6() drivers send messages to another host (for example, a syslog-ng server or relay) on the local intranet or internet using the UDP or TCP protocol. The tcp6() and udp6() drivers use the IPv6 network protocol.

tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), and udp6() destination options

Sending and storing log messages — destinations and destination drivers > tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Sending messages to a remote log server using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol (tcp(), udp() drivers) > tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), and udp6() destination options

To convert your existing tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), udp6() source drivers to use the network() driver, see Change an old destination driver to the network() driver.

Change an old destination driver to the network() driver

To replace your existing tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), udp6() destinations with a network() destination, complete the following steps.

Replace the driver with network. For example, replace udp( with network(
Set the transport protocol.
- If you used TLS-encryption, add the transport("tls") option, then continue with the next step.
- If you used the tcp or tcp6 driver, add the transport("tcp") option.
- If you used the udp or udp driver, add the transport("udp") option.
If you use IPv6 (that is, the udp6 or tcp6 driver), add the ip-protocol(6) option.
If you did not specify the port used in the old driver, check network() destination options and verify that your clients send the messages to the default port of the transport protocol you use. Otherwise, set the appropriate port number in your source using the port() option.

All other options are identical. Test your configuration with the syslog-ng --syntax-only command.

The following configuration shows a simple tcp destination.

destination d_old_tcp {
    tcp("127.0.0.1" port(1999)
        tls(
            peer-verify("required-trusted")
            key-file("/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.key")
            cert-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.crt')
        )
    );
};

When replaced with the network() driver, it looks like this.

destination d_new_network_tcp {
    network("127.0.0.1"
        port(1999)
        transport("tls")
        tls(
            peer-verify("required-trusted")
            key-file("/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.key")
            cert-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.crt')
        )
    );
};

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syslog-ng Premium Edition 7.0.34 - Administration Guide

syslog-ng(): Forward logs to another syslog-ng node

Declaration

syslog-ng() destination options

disk-buffer()

Example: Examples for using disk-buffer()

failover()

Example: round-robin mode

Example: failback mode

Example: Specifying failover servers for syslog() destinations

flags()

flush-lines()

flush-timeout() (DEPRECATED)

frac-digits()

ip-protocol()

ip-tos()

ip-ttl()

keep-alive()

localip()

localport()

log-fifo-size()

mark-freq()

mark-mode()

port() or destport()

server()

so-broadcast()

so-keepalive()

so-rcvbuf()

so-sndbuf()

suppress()

tcp-keepalive-intvl()

tcp-keepalive-probes()

tcp-keepalive-time()

template()

template-escape()

throttle()

time-zone()

tls()

transport()

ts-format()

tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6: Sending messages to a remote log server using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol (tcp(), udp() drivers)

tcp(), tcp6(), udp(), and udp6() destination options

Change an old destination driver to the network() driver