Basic concepts and definitions
Active Roles operates based on the concepts defined in SPML v2. This section introduces and describes these key concepts and definitions as applied to SPML Provider.
A Client (Requesting Authority or Requestor) is any SPML-compliant application that sends well-formed SPML requests to the Active Roles and receives responses from it. Clients can include various business applications, such as human resources (HR) databases or Identity Management systems. There is no direct contact between a client and the target (Active Roles or an Active Directory server).
Active Roles (Provisioning Service Provider or PSP) is a Web service that uses the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) over HTTP for communications. SPML Provider can directly access Active Directory data or communicate with Active Directory using the Active Roles proxy service. SPML Provider acts as an intermediary between a client and the target (Active Directory domain controller or Active Roles).
In proxy mode, Active Roles represents the Provisioning Service Target (or Target) that is available for provisioning actions through SPML Provider. The target has a unique identifier (targetID) that is maintained by SPML Provider and is used in a request or a response.
AD Objects (Provisioning Service Objects or PSO) represent directory objects that SPML Provider manages. A client can add, delete, modify, or look up a directory object. Each object has a unique identifier (PSO ID). In SPML Provider, an object DN is used as a PSO ID.
NOTE: A Requestor, Provisioning Service Provider, Provisioning Service Target, and Provisioning Service Objects are key notions described in the official SPML v2 specification.
For detailed information on the concepts defined in SPML v2, see Section 2 “Concepts” of the OASIS SPML v2 specification, available for download at http://www.oasis-open.org/specs/index.php#spmlv2.0.
How SPML Provider works
With SPML Provider, applications can use SPML documents to look up, retrieve and update directory data in Active Directory, Azure AD, and AD LDS. SPML Provider converts XML elements and attributes into commands used to make changes to Active Directory and retrieve data from Active Directory. SPML Provider can also convert the response received from Active Roles or Active Directory to XML format. These conversions are based on and are in compliance with the OASIS SPML v2 - DSML v2 Profile specification.
SPML Provider runs as a Web application on a Web server running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), and uses SOAP over HTTP to transmit and receive directory requests from client computers.
The SPML Provider environment includes the following components:
- Clients that use SPML v2: These clients are applications that manage directory objects (for example, user accounts). A client issues SPML requests that describe operations to be performed on the directory object and send these requests to SPML Provider.
- SPML Provider: Receives and processes client requests, and returns a response to the client.
- Active Roles: In proxy mode, this is the endpoint for provisioning requests and the actual software that manages directory objects.
- Active Directory, Azure AD, or AD LDS: In proxy mode, SPML Provider can access Active Directory or Azure AD domains and AD LDS instances that are registered with Active Roles as managed domains, Azure AD tenants, and managed AD LDS instances, respectively. In direct access mode, SPML Provider can access the domain controller or the AD LDS instance defined in the SPML.Config file. For more information, see “Configuring SPML Provider” later in this document.
The following diagram illustrates the flow of requests and responses through the SPML Provider environment components:
Figure 1: Flow of requests and responses through the SPML Provider environment components
As shown in the diagram, the client/SPML Provider communications are based on the simple request/response protocol.
In proxy mode, SPML Provider works in the following way:
- A client issues a well-formed SPML request using the SOAP over HTTP protocol. This request goes to a server running IIS, where it is routed to SPML Provider.
- SPML Provider examines the request for conformance to the SPML format.
- If the request complies with the SPML format, the SPML Provider submits the request to Active Roles. Based on the client request, Active Roles retrieves or modifies data in Active Directory, Azure AD, or in AD LDS.
- After performing the requested operation, Active Roles sends the result of the operation back to SPML Provider.
- SPML Provider then processes this result data and sends the result of the performed operation back to the client in the form of an SPML response.
In direct access mode, SPML Provider works in the following way:
- A client issues a well-formed SPML request using the SOAP over HTTP protocol. This request goes to a server running IIS, where it is routed to SPML Provider.
- SPML Provider examines the request for conformance to the SPML format.
- If the request conforms to the SPML format, SPML Provider retrieves or modifies the relevant data in Active Directory or in AD LDS (ADAM).
- SPML Provider sends the result of the performed operation back to the client in the form of an SPML response.
If the client request does not conform to the SPML format, the client receives an SPML response that describes the encountered error.
System requirements
Before installing the Active Roles, ensure your system meets the following minimum hardware and software requirements.
Hardware requirements
Ensure that the following hardware requirements are met:
- 1 GHz or higher Intel Pentium-compatible CPU.
- At least 1 GB of RAM.
- At least 100 MB of free disk space.
