One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions 6.0.10 - Administration Guide

Indexing audit trails

One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions (SPS) can index the contents of audit trails using its own indexer service or external indexers. Indexing extracts the text from the audit trails and segments it to tokens. A token is a segment of the text that does not contain whitespace: for example words, dates (2009-03-14), MAC or IP addresses, and so on. The indexer returns the extracted tokens to SPS, which builds a comprehensive index from the tokens of the processed audit trails.

Once indexed, the contents of the audit trails can be searched from the web interface. SPS can extract the commands typed and the texts seen by the user in terminal sessions, and text from graphical protocols like RDP, Citrix ICA, and VNC. Window titles are also detected.

SPS has an internal indexer, which runs on the SPS appliance. In addition to the internal indexer, external indexers can run on Linux hosts.

Processing and indexing audit trails requires significant computing resources. If you have to audit lots of connections, or have a large number of custom reports configured, consider using an external indexer to decrease the load on SPS. For sizing recommendations, ask your One Identity partner or contact our Support Team.

• The internal indexer service runs on the SPS appliance. It supports languages based on the Latin-, Greek- and Cyrillic alphabets, as well as Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages, allowing it to recognize texts from graphical audit trails in 100+ languages. It can also generate screenshots for content search results.

  Recognizing and OCR-ing CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) languages must be licensed separately.

• The external indexer runs on Linux hosts and instances. It uses the same engine as the indexer service of SPS, and has the same capabilities and limitations.

  SPS can work with multiple external indexers to process audit trails.

If you have indexed trails, the index itself is also archived:

When using the Indexer service: Every 30 days, unless the Backup & Archive/Cleanup > Archive/Cleanup policies > Delete data from SPS after is configured to occur less frequently (more than 30 days). For example, if the Delete data from SPS after is 60 days, the index will be archived every 60 days. The content of the archived index will be the content that was available X days before the archival date, where X is the number in the Delete data from SPS after field.

• To configure SPS to index the entire content of the audited connections, complete Configuring the internal indexer.

  Indexing also needs to be enabled in the connection policy of the monitored connections.

• To configure external indexers, complete Configuring external indexers.

• To monitor the status of the servers indexing the audit trails, see Monitoring the status of the indexer services.

• To create custom reports from the contents of the audit trails, complete Creating reports from audit trail content.

Reindex audit trails

In certain cases, reindexing already indexed audit trails might be necessary, for example, if the audit trails were indexed without full screen content but you still need to search in screen content. In this case, the audit trails can be reindexed with a different indexer configuration to perform screen content extraction. For more information, contact our Support Team.

Configuring the internal indexer

The following describes how to configure One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions (SPS) to index the audit trails.

Indexing is a resource intensive (CPU and hard disk) operation, and depending on the number of processed audit trails and parallel connections passing SPS, may affect the performance of SPS. Test it thoroughly before enabling it in a production environment that is under heavy load. If your SPS appliance cannot handle the connections and the indexing, consider using external indexers (see "Configuring external indexers" in the Administration Guide) to decrease the load on SPS. For sizing recommendations, ask your One Identity partner or contact our Support Team.

Note that the minimum value of Backup & Archive/Cleanup > Archive/Cleanup policies > Delete data from SPS after is 30 days when using the indexer service. If you previously had a setting lower than this, it will still archive the index after 30 days when the indexer service is used.

To configure SPS to index the audit trails

1. Navigate to Basic Settings > Local Services > Indexer service.

   Figure 205: Basic Settings > Local Services > Indexer service > Configure the Indexer service of SPS

   

2. Define the Maximum number of parallel audit trails to index on box.

   This option determines the maximum number of parallel indexing tasks that the SPS appliance performs. The default value is set to the number of detected CPU cores. Note that indexing audit trails requires about 50-100 Mbytes of memory for terminal sessions (SSH, Telnet, TN3270), and 150-300 Mbytes for graphical sessions (RDP, ICA, VNC, X11). Consider the memory usage of your SPS host before modifying this value.

3. Define the Maximum number of parallel audit trails to index near real-time on box.

   This option determines the maximum number of parallel indexing tasks that the SPS appliance performs near real-time, meaning that indexing starts when sessions are still ongoing. The default value is set to 0.

   NOTE: A connection policy configured with near real-time priority (Connection policy > Enable indexing > Priority) requires that you set Maximum number of parallel audit trails to index near real-time on box to a value other than 0.

4. (Optional) If you have encrypted audit trails and you want to index them, upload the necessary RSA keys (in PEM-encoded X.509 certificates).

   NOTE: Certificates are used as a container and delivery mechanism. For encryption and decryption, only the keys are used.

   1. Click , and then click the first icon to upload the new certificate. A pop-up window is displayed.

      Select Browse, select the file containing the certificate, and click Upload. Alternatively, you can also copy-paste the certificate into the Certificate field and click Set.

   2. To upload the private key corresponding to the certificate, click the second icon. A pop-up window is displayed.

      Select Browse, select the file containing the private key, provide the Password if the key is password-protected, and click Upload. Alternatively, you can also copy-paste the private key into the Key field, provide the Password there, and click Set.

   3. To add more certificate-key pairs, click and repeat steps 3a and 3b.

   TIP: If you want to search in the trail content on the web interface: to view screenshots generated from encrypted audit trails, you also have to upload the necessary certificates to your private keystore. For more information, see Replaying encrypted audit trails in your browser.

5. Click .

6. Navigate to Policies > Indexer Policies.

7. Two Indexer Policies are available by default, both with automatic language detection:

   • full_indexing: Slower, indexes the complete content of the screen, including all events.

   • lightweight_indexing: Significantly faster, but it extracts only the executed commands (Command event) and the window titles (Window title event) that appear on the screen. It does not index any other screen content (for example, text that is displayed in a terminal or that appears in an RDP window).

     For example, in the case of an SSH protocol, lightweight_indexing will index a command with parameters, such as cat --help, but will not index terminal printouts such as the help content itself.

     When you add a new Connection Policy, the lightweight_indexing Indexer Policy is assigned to it by default.

   NOTE: In the case of graphical protocols, the default Optical Character Recognition (OCR) configuration is automatic language detection. This means that the OCR engine will attempt to detect the languages of the indexed audit trails automatically. However, if you know in advance what language(s) will be used, create a new Indexer Policy.

   To create a new Indexer Policy, click .

   Figure 206: Policies > Indexer Policies > Indexing options and manual language selection

   

8. Select from the indexing options as follows:

   • Commands: Allows you to browse, search, and analyze the commands issued in SSH and Telnet sessions.

     Caution: Do not disable unless you have a reason to do so.

   • Window titles: Allows you to browse, search, and analyze the window titles that appear on the screen in RDP, Citrix ICA, and VNC connections. It involves Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on parts of the screen, and is slightly resource-intensive.

     Caution: Do not disable unless you have a reason to do so.

   • Full screen contents: Select this option if you want to search in the full screen content of the audited sessions.

     Extract every text that appears on the screen in Telnet, SSH, RDP, Citrix ICA or VNC connections. For graphical protocols, extracting screen content involves Optical Character Recognition (OCR) that requires lots of CPU and disk (consider installing external indexers).

   • Pointing device biometrics: Select this option only if you are using One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Analytics (SPA)).

     Extract biometric data to authenticate the users based on their pointing device (for example, mouse) usage patterns. It requires the SPA) module.

   • Typing biometrics: Select this option only if you are using One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Analytics (SPA)).

     Extract biometric data to authenticate the users based on their typing dynamics. It requires the SPA) module.

9. To configure what languages to detect, select Select languages manually for character recognition. Select the language(s) to detect. Note the following:

   • Specifying only one language provides the best results in terms of performance and precision.

   • The English language is always detected along with the non-English languages that you have configured. However, if you want the OCR to only recognize the English language, you have to select it from the list of languages.

   • There are certain limitations in the OCR engine when recognizing languages with very different character sets. For this reason, consider the following:

     • When selecting Asian languages (Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean), avoid adding languages that use the Latin alphabet.

     • When selecting the Arabic language, avoid selecting any other languages.

     • The Thai language is currently not supported. If you are interested in using SPS to index Thai texts, contact our Sales Team.

10. Specify an accuracy level for Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Each accuracy level brings a different degree of speed and accuracy:

    • Fast: The fastest option with potentially less accurate results. Select this option if speed is more important to you than getting the most accurate results possible.

    • Balanced (default setting): Fairly accurate option with less than optimum speed. Select this option if you want results to be fairly accurate but you have more than a few sessions to process and processing time is less of a concern.

    • Accurate: The most accurate option with less optimal speed. Select this option if you must have the most accurate results possible and speed is less important or you only have a few sessions to process.

11. Configure the Indexing policy for the Connection policy that you want to index:

    By default, the lightweight_indexing Indexing policy is enabled for every Connection policy with normal priority. If this is ideal for you, skip this step and continue with the next step. If you want to use a different policy, for example because you want to OCR the complete screen content, or because you have created a language-specific indexer policy, complete the following substeps.

    1. Navigate to the Control > Connections page of the traffic type (for example SSH Control), and select the connection policy to index.

    2. Figure 207: <Protocol name> Control > Connections > Enable indexing — Select Indexing Policy

       

       Select the Indexing Policy to be used. Both built-in Indexer Policies feature automatic language detection. To specify a particular language detection configuration, select the Indexing Policy you have created before (in Step 6).

    3. To determine the priority level of indexing this connection, select the appropriate Priority level. Selecting a high priority level means that the trails of this connection will be indexed first. Selecting a low priority level means that the trails of this connection will be indexed also, but there might be a delay in indexing if there are a lot of high-priority connections waiting to be indexed. Selecting near real-time means that the indexing of sessions starts when sessions are still ongoing.

    4. Click .

12. Check which channel policy is used in the connection, and navigate to the <Protocol name> Control > Connections page. Select the channel policy used in the connection to index.

13. On the <Protocol name> Control > Channel Policies page, verify that the Record audit trail option is selected for the channels you want to index (for example, the Session shell channel in SSH, or the Drawing channel in RDP).

14. Click .

    TIP: To verify that indexing works as configured, start a session that uses this connection policy (connect from a client to a server). When the session is finished, navigate to the Indexer > Indexer status page to verify that the indexer service is processing the audit trail. If the audit trails are encrypted, ensure that the required decryption keys have been uploaded to Basic Settings > Local Services > Indexer service > Indexer keys.

Configuring external indexers

If One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions (SPS) audits lots of connections, processing and indexing the created audit trails requires significant computing resources, which may not be available in the SPS appliance. To decrease the load on the SPS appliance, you can install the indexer service on external Linux hosts. These external indexer hosts run the same indexer service as the SPS appliance, and can index audit trails, or generate screenshots and replayable video files from the audit trails as needed. The external indexers register on SPS, wait for SPS to send an audit trail to process, process the audit trail, then return the processed data to SPS. The external indexer hosts do not store any data, thus any sensitive data is available on the host while it is being processed.

To use external indexers to process your audit trails, you have to complete the following steps.

• Read the conditions and limitations related to external indexers in Prerequisites and limitations.

• Install and configure the hosts (physical or virtual) that will run the external indexer service. For details on the hardware requirements, see Hardware requirements for the external indexer host.

• Configure SPS to use external indexers. For details, see Configuring One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions (SPS) to use external indexers.

• Install and configure the indexer application on the external hosts. For details, see Installing the external indexerConfiguring the external indexer.

• If you enabled audit trail encrypting on SPS, you will also need to upload the necessary certificates to the external indexer to allow indexing the encrypted trails. For details, Uploading decryption keys to the external indexer.

Prerequisites and limitations

Before starting to use One Identity Safeguard for Privileged Sessions (SPS) with external indexers, consider the following:

• If there is a firewall between the host of the external indexer and SPS, enable two-way communication between them.

  The default port is TCP/12345. To change the port number, you have to modify the indexer settings on SPS, and upload the new configuration to the external indexer(s).

• To protect the sensitive data in the audit trails, ensure that the audit trails are encrypted. For details on encrypting audit trails, see Encrypting audit trails.

• Make sure to permit indexer access only to the hosts that really run external indexers on the Basic Settings > Local Services > Indexer service page of the SPS web interface.

• To process graphical audit trails that contain Asian characters, make sure that you have uploaded a license to SPS that enables indexing Asian characters.

  NOTE: The current OCR engine cannot guarantee accurate character recognition for Asian characters smaller than 30 x 30 pixels. If you encounter problems with character recognition for Asian characters, increase resolution settings in your connection.

• The external indexer can be installed on the following 64-bit operating systems: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6.7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7, CentOS 6.7, and CentOS 7. The installer is a self-contained package that includes every required dependency of the indexer.

If your security policy does not permit the above limitations, or your environment does not make it possible to fulfill them, do not use external indexers with SPS.