Using the snmptrap() source, you can read and parse the SNMP traps of the Net-SNMP's snmptrapd application. syslog-ng PE can read these traps from a log file, and extract their content into name-value pairs, making it easy to forward them as a structured log message (for example, in JSON format). The syslog-ng PE application automatically adds the .snmp. prefix to the name of the fields the extracted from the message.
The snmptrap() source is available in syslog-ng PE version 7.0.3 and later.
Limitations
-
The snmptrap() source has only the options listed in snmptrap() source options. Other options commonly available in other source drivers are not supported.
-
In addition to traps, the log of snmptrapd may contain other messages (for example, daemon start/stop information, debug logs) as well. Currently syslog-ng PE discards these messages.
-
Because of a bug, snmptrapd does not escape String values in the VarBindList if it can resolve an OID to a symbolic name. As a result, syslog-ng PE cannot process traps that contain the = in the value of the string. To overcome this problem, disable resolving OIDs in snmptrapd.
-
The colon (:) character is commonly used in SNMP traps. However, this character cannot be used in the name of syslog-ng PE macros (name-value pairs). Therefore, the syslog-ng PE application automatically replaces all consecutive : characters with a single underscore (_) character. For example, you can reference the value of the NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleString key using the ${NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB_netSnmpExampleString} macro.
Note that this affects only name-value pairs (macros). The generated message always contains the original name of the key.
Prerequisites
-
Configure snmptrapd to log into a file.
-
If you use SMIv1 traps, include the following format string in the configuration file of snmptrapd:
format1 %.4y-%.2m-%.2l %.2h:%.2j:%.2k %B [%b]: %N\n\t%W Trap (%q) Uptime: %#T\n%v\n
-
If you use SMIv2 traps, use the default format. The snmptrap() source of syslog-ng PE expects this default format:
format2 %.4y-%.2m-%.2l %.2h:%.2j:%.2k %B [%b]:\n%v\n
-
Beacause of an snmptrapd bug, if you specify the filename in the configuration file with logOption, you must also specify another output as a command line argument (-Lf, -Ls). Otherwise, snmptrapd will not apply the the trap format.
To use the snmptrap() driver, the scl.conf file must be included in your syslog-ng PE configuration:
@include "scl.conf"
Example: Using the snmptrap() driver
A sample snmptrapd configuration:
authCommunity log,execute,net public
format1 %.4y-%.2m-%.2l %.2h:%.2j:%.2k %B [%b]: %N\n\t%W Trap (%q) Uptime: %#T\n%v\n
outputOption s
Starting snmptrapd: snmptrapd -A -Lf /var/log/snmptrapd.log
Sending a sample V2 trap message: snmptrap -v2c -c public 127.0.0.1 666 NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatNotification netSnmpExampleHeartbeatRate i 60 netSnmpExampleString s "string". From this trap, syslog-ng PE receives the following input:
2017-05-23 15:29:40 localhost [UDP: [127.0.0.1]:59993->[127.0.0.1]:162]:
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (666) 0:00:06.66 SNMPv2-SMI::snmpModules.1.1.4.1.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatNotification NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatRate = INTEGER: 60 NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleString = STRING: string
The following syslog-ng PE configuration sample uses the default settings of the driver, reading SNMP traps from the /var/log/snmptrapd.log file, and writes the log messages generated from the traps into a file.
@include "scl.conf"
log {
source {
snmptrap(filename("/var/log/snmptrapd.log"));
};
destination {
file("/var/log/example.log");
};
};
From the trap, syslog-ng PE writes the following into the log file:
May 23 15:29:40 myhostname snmptrapd: hostname='localhost', transport_info='UDP: [127.0.0.1]:59993->[127.0.0.1]:162', SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.1.3.0='(666) 0:00:06.66', SNMPv2-SMI::snmpModules.1.1.4.1.0='NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatNotification', NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatRate='60', NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleString='string'
Using the same input trap, the following configuration example formats the SNMP traps as JSON messages.
@include "scl.conf"
log {
source {
snmptrap(
filename("/var/log/snmptrapd.log")
set-message-macro(no)
);
};
destination {
file("/var/log/example.log"
template("$(format-json --scope dot-nv-pairs)\n")
);
};
};
The previous trap formatted as JSON:
{
"_snmp":{
"transport_info":"UDP: [127.0.0.1]:59993->[127.0.0.1]:162",
"hostname":"localhost",
"SNMPv2-SMI_snmpModules":{
"1":{
"1":{
"4":{
"1":{
"0":"NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB::netSnmpExampleHeartbeatNotification"
}
}
}
}
},
"SNMPv2-SMI_mib-2":{
"1":{
"3":{
"0":"(666) 0:00:06.66"
}
}
},
"NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB_netSnmpExampleString":"string",
"NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB_netSnmpExampleHeartbeatRate":"60"
}
}
The snmptrap() driver has the following options. Only the filename() option is required, the others are optional.
filename()
Description: The log file of snmptrapd. The syslog-ng PE application reads the traps from this file.
In addition to traps, the log of snmptrapd may contain other messages (for example, daemon start/stop information, debug logs) as well. Currently syslog-ng PE discards these messages.
persist-name()
| Type: |
string |
| Default: |
None |
Description:If you receive the following error message during syslog-ng PE startup, set the persist-name() option of the duplicate drivers:
Error checking the uniqueness of the persist names, please override it with persist-name option. Shutting down.
This error occurs if you use identical drivers in multiple sources, for example, if you configure two file sources to read from the same file. In this case, set the persist-name() of the drivers to a custom string, for example, persist-name("example-persist-name1").
prefix()
Description: Insert a prefix before the name part of the parsed name-value pairs to help further processing. For example:
-
To insert the my-parsed-data. prefix, use the prefix(my-parsed-data.) option.
-
To refer to a particular data that has a prefix, use the prefix in the name of the macro, for example, ${my-parsed-data.name} .
-
If you forward the parsed messages using the IETF-syslog protocol, you can insert all the parsed data into the SDATA part of the message using the prefix(.SDATA.my-parsed-data.) option.
Names starting with a dot (for example,
.example) are reserved for use by syslog-ng PE. If you use such a macro name as the name of a parsed value, it will attempt to replace the original value of the macro (note that only soft macros can be overwritten, see
Hard versus soft macros for details). To avoid such problems, use a prefix when naming the parsed values, for example,
prefix(my-parsed-data.)
Default value: .snmp. option.
set-message-macro()
| Type: |
yes|no |
| Default: |
yes |
Description: The snmptrap() source automatically parses the traps into name-value pairs, so you can handle the content of the trap as a structured message. Consequently, you might not even need the ${MESSAGE} part of the log message. If set-message-macro() is set to no, syslog-ng PE leaves the ${MESSAGE} part empty. If set-message-macro() is set to yes, syslog-ng PE generates a regular log message from the trap.
The syslog() driver can receive messages from the network using the standard IETF-syslog protocol (as described in RFC5424-26). UDP, TCP, and TLS-encrypted TCP can all be used to transport the messages.
NOTE: The syslog() driver can also receive BSD-syslog-formatted messages (described in RFC 3164, see BSD-syslog or legacy-syslog messages) if they are sent using the IETF-syslog protocol.
In syslog-ng PE versions 3.1 and earlier, the syslog() driver could handle only messages in the IETF-syslog (RFC 5424-26) format.
For the list of available optional parameters, see syslog() source options.
Declaration
syslog(ip() port() transport() options());
Example: Using the syslog() driver
TCP source listening on the localhost on port 1999.
source s_syslog {
syslog(
ip(127.0.0.1)
port(1999)
transport("tcp")
);
};
UDP source with defaults.
source s_udp { syslog( transport("udp")); };
Encrypted source where the client is also authenticated. For details on the encryption settings, see TLS options.
source s_syslog_tls{
syslog(
ip(10.100.20.40)
transport("tls")
tls(
peer-verify(required-trusted)
ca-dir('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/ca.d/')
key-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/server_privatekey.pem')
cert-file('/opt/syslog-ng/etc/syslog-ng/keys/server_certificate.pem')
)
);
};
|
|
Caution:
When receiving messages using the UDP protocol, increase the size of the UDP receive buffer on the receiver host (that is, the syslog-ng PE server or relay receiving the messages). Note that on certain platforms, for example, on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, even low message load (~200 messages per second) can result in message loss, unless the so-rcvbuf() option of the source is increased. In this cases, you will need to increase the net.core.rmem_max parameter of the host (for example, to 1024000), but do not modify net.core.rmem_default parameter.
As a general rule, increase the so-rcvbuf() so that the buffer size in kilobytes is higher than the rate of incoming messages per second. For example, to receive 2000 messages per second, set the so-rcvbuf() at least to 2 097 152 bytes. |
The syslog() driver has the following options.
encoding()
Description: Specifies the characterset (encoding, for example, UTF-8) of messages using the legacy BSD-syslog protocol. To list the available character sets on a host, execute the iconv -l command. For details on how encoding affects the size of the message, see Message size and encoding.
flags()
| Type: |
assume-utf8, empty-lines, expect-hostname, guess-timezone, kernel, no-hostname, no-multi-line, no-parse, sanitize-utf8, store-legacy-msghdr, store-raw-message, syslog-protocol, validate-utf8 |
| Default: |
empty set |
Description: Specifies the log parsing options of the source.
-
assume-utf8: The assume-utf8 flag assumes that the incoming messages are UTF-8 encoded, but does not verify the encoding. If you explicitly want to validate the UTF-8 encoding of the incoming message, use the validate-utf8 flag.
-
empty-lines: Use the empty-lines flag to keep the empty lines of the messages. By default, syslog-ng PE removes empty lines automatically.
-
expect-hostname: If the expect-hostname flag is enabled, syslog-ng PE will assume that the log message contains a hostname and parse the message accordingly. This is the default behavior for TCP sources. Note that pipe sources use the no-hostname flag by default.
-
kernel: The kernel flag makes the source default to the LOG_KERN | LOG_NOTICE priority if not specified otherwise.
-
no-hostname: Enable the no-hostname flag if the log message does not include the hostname of the sender host. That way syslog-ng PE assumes that the first part of the message header is ${PROGRAM} instead of ${HOST}. For example:
source s_dell {
network(
port(2000)
flags(no-hostname)
);
};
-
no-multi-line: The no-multi-line flag disables line-breaking in the messages: the entire message is converted to a single line. Note that this happens only if the underlying transport method actually supports multi-line messages. Currently the file() and pipe() drivers support multi-line messages.
-
no-parse: By default, syslog-ng PE parses incoming messages as syslog messages. The no-parse flag completely disables syslog message parsing and processes the complete line as the message part of a syslog message. The syslog-ng PE application will generate a new syslog header (timestamp, host, and so on) automatically and put the entire incoming message into the MESSAGE part of the syslog message (available using the ${MESSAGE} macro). This flag is useful for parsing messages not complying to the syslog format.
If you are using the flags(no-parse) option, then syslog message parsing is completely disabled, and the entire incoming message is treated as the ${MESSAGE} part of a syslog message. In this case, syslog-ng PE generates a new syslog header (timestamp, host, and so on) automatically. Note that since flags(no-parse) disables message parsing, it interferes with other flags, for example, disables flags(no-multi-line).
-
dont-store-legacy-msghdr: By default, syslog-ng stores the original incoming header of the log message. This is useful if the original format of a non-syslog-compliant message must be retained (syslog-ng automatically corrects minor header errors, for example, adds a whitespace before msg in the following message: Jan 22 10:06:11 host program:msg). If you do not want to store the original header of the message, enable the dont-store-legacy-msghdr flag.
-
sanitize-utf8: When using the sanitize-utf8 flag, syslog-ng PE converts non-UTF-8 input to an escaped form, which is valid UTF-8.
-
store-raw-message: Save the original message as received from the client in the ${RAWMSG} macro. You can forward this raw message in its original form to another syslog-ng node using the syslog-ng() destination, or to a SIEM system, ensuring that the SIEM can process it. Available only in 7.0.9 and later.
-
syslog-protocol: The syslog-protocol flag specifies that incoming messages are expected to be formatted according to the new IETF syslog protocol standard (RFC5424), but without the frame header. Note that this flag is not needed for the syslog driver, which handles only messages that have a frame header.
-
validate-utf8: The validate-utf8 flag enables encoding-verification for messages formatted according to the new IETF syslog standard (for details, see IETF-syslog messages). If theBOMcharacter is missing, but the message is otherwise UTF-8 compliant, syslog-ng automatically adds the BOM character to the message.
host-override()
Description: Replaces the ${HOST} part of the message with the parameter string.
ip() or localip()
| Type: |
string |
| Default: |
0.0.0.0 |
Description: The IP address to bind to. By default, syslog-ng PE listens on every available interface. Note that this is not the address where messages are accepted from.
If you specify a multicast bind address and use the udp transport, syslog-ng PE automatically joins the necessary multicast group. TCP does not support multicasting.
ip-protocol()
Description: Determines the internet protocol version of the given driver (network() or syslog()). The possible values are 4 and 6, corresponding to IPv4 and IPv6. The default value is ip-protocol(4).
Note that listening on a port using IPv6 automatically means that you are also listening on that port using IPv4. That is, if you want to have receive messages on an IP-address/port pair using both IPv4 and IPv6, create a source that uses the ip-protocol(6). You cannot have two sources with the same IP-address/port pair, but with different ip-protocol() settings (it causes an Address already in use error).
For example, the following source receives messages on TCP, using the network() driver, on every available interface of the host on both IPv4 and IPv6.
source s_network_tcp {
network(
transport("tcp")
ip("::")
ip-protocol(6)
port(601)
);
};
ip-tos()
Description: Specifies the Type-of-Service value of outgoing packets.
ip-ttl()
Description: Specifies the Time-To-Live value of outgoing packets.
keep-alive()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
yes |
Description: Specifies whether connections to sources should be closed when syslog-ng is forced to reload its configuration (upon the receipt of a SIGHUP signal). Note that this applies to the server (source) side of the syslog-ng connections, client-side (destination) connections are always reopened after receiving a HUP signal unless the keep-alive option is enabled for the destination.
keep-hostname()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
no |
Description: Enable or disable hostname rewriting.
-
If enabled (keep-hostname(yes)), syslog-ng PE assumes that the incoming log message was sent by the host specified in the HOST field of the message.
-
If disabled (keep-hostname(no)), syslog-ng PE rewrites the HOST field of the message, either to the IP address (if the use-dns() parameter is set to no), or to the hostname (if the use-dns() parameter is set to yes and the IP address can be resolved to a hostname) of the host sending the message to syslog-ng PE. For details on using name resolution in syslog-ng PE, see Using name resolution in syslog-ng.
NOTE: If the log message does not contain a hostname in its HOST field, syslog-ng PE automatically adds a hostname to the message.
-
For messages received from the network, this hostname is the address of the host that sent the message (this means the address of the last hop if the message was transferred via a relay).
-
For messages received from the local host, syslog-ng PE adds the name of the host.
This option can be specified globally, and per-source as well. The local setting of the source overrides the global option if available.
NOTE: When relaying messages, enable this option on the syslog-ng PE server and also on every relay, otherwise syslog-ng PE will treat incoming messages as if they were sent by the last relay.
keep-timestamp()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
yes |
Description: Specifies whether syslog-ng should accept the timestamp received from the sending application or client. If disabled, the time of reception will be used instead. This option can be specified globally, and per-source as well. The local setting of the source overrides the global option if available.
|
|
Caution:
To use the S_ macros, the keep-timestamp() option must be enabled (this is the default behavior of syslog-ng PE). |
log-fetch-limit()
Description: The maximum number of messages fetched from a source during a single poll loop. The destination queues might fill up before flow-control could stop reading if log-fetch-limit() is too high.
If the max-connections() option is set, the log-iw-size() will be divided by the number of connections, otherwise log-iw-size() is divided by 10 (the default value of the max-connections() option). The resulting number is the initial window size of each connection. For optimal performance when receiving messages from syslog-ng PE clients, make sure that the window size is larger than the flush-lines() option set in the destination of your clients.
Example: Initial window size of a connection
If log-iw-size(1000) and max-connections(10), then each connection will have an initial window size of 100.
log-msg-size()
| Type: |
number (bytes) |
| Default: |
Use the global log-msg-size() option, which defaults to 65536 (64 KiB). |
Description: Maximum length of a message in bytes. This length includes the entire message (the data structure and individual fields). The maximum value that you can set is 268435456 bytes (256 MiB).
For messages using the IETF-syslog message format (RFC5424), the maximal size of the value of an SDATA field is 64 KiB.
NOTE: In most cases, you do not need to set log-msg-size() higher than 10 MiB.
For details on how encoding affects the size of the message, see Message size and encoding.
You can use human-readable units when setting configuration options. For details, see Notes about the configuration syntax.
Uses the value of the global option if not specified.
max-connections()
Description: Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous connections.
pad-size()
Description: Specifies input padding. Some operating systems (such as HP-UX) pad all messages to block boundary. This option can be used to specify the block size. The syslog-ng PE application will pad reads from the associated device to the number of bytes set in pad-size(). Mostly used on HP-UX where /dev/log is a named pipe and every write is padded to 2048 bytes. If pad-size() was given and the incoming message does not fit into pad-size(), syslog-ng will not read anymore from this pipe and displays the following error message:
Padding was set, and couldn't read enough bytes
port() or localport()
| Type: |
number |
| Default: |
In case of TCP transport: 514
In case of UDP transport: 514 |
Description: The port number to bind to.
program-override()
Description: Replaces the ${PROGRAM} part of the message with the parameter string. For example, to mark every message coming from the kernel, include the program-override("kernel") option in the source containing /proc/kmsg.
so-broadcast()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
no |
Description: This option controls the SO_BROADCAST socket option required to make syslog-ng send messages to a broadcast address. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.
so-keepalive()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
no |
Description: Enables keep-alive messages, keeping the socket open. This only effects TCP and UNIX-stream sockets. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.
so-rcvbuf()
Description: Specifies the size of the socket receive buffer in bytes. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.
|
|
Caution:
When receiving messages using the UDP protocol, increase the size of the UDP receive buffer on the receiver host (that is, the syslog-ng PE server or relay receiving the messages). Note that on certain platforms, for example, on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, even low message load (~200 messages per second) can result in message loss, unless the so-rcvbuf() option of the source is increased. In this cases, you will need to increase the net.core.rmem_max parameter of the host (for example, to 1024000), but do not modify net.core.rmem_default parameter.
As a general rule, increase the so-rcvbuf() so that the buffer size in kilobytes is higher than the rate of incoming messages per second. For example, to receive 2000 messages per second, set the so-rcvbuf() at least to 2 097 152 bytes. |
so-sndbuf()
Description: Specifies the size of the socket send buffer in bytes. For details, see the socket(7) manual page.
tags()
Description: Label the messages received from the source with custom tags. Tags must be unique, and enclosed between double quotes. When adding multiple tags, separate them with comma, for example, tags("dmz", "router"). This option is available only in syslog-ng 3.1 and later.
time-zone()
| Type: |
name of the timezone, or the timezone offset |
| Default: |
|
Description: The default timezone for messages read from the source. Applies only if no timezone is specified within the message itself.
The timezone can be specified as using the name of the (for example, time-zone("Europe/Budapest")), or as the timezone offset in +/-HH:MM format (for example, +01:00). On Linux and UNIX platforms, the valid timezone names are listed under the /usr/share/zoneinfo directory.
transport()
| Type: |
altp, udp, tcp, tls, proxied_tcp, or proxied_tls |
| Default: |
tcp |
Description: Specifies the protocol used to receive messages from the source.
For detailed information about how from version 7.0.23 onwards, syslog-ng PE supports the proxied_tcp parameter and the proxied_tls parameter, see Proxy Protocol support.
|
|
Caution:
When receiving messages using the UDP protocol, increase the size of the UDP receive buffer on the receiver host (that is, the syslog-ng PE server or relay receiving the messages). Note that on certain platforms, for example, on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, even low message load (~200 messages per second) can result in message loss, unless the so-rcvbuf() option of the source is increased. In this cases, you will need to increase the net.core.rmem_max parameter of the host (for example, to 1024000), but do not modify net.core.rmem_default parameter.
As a general rule, increase the so-rcvbuf() so that the buffer size in kilobytes is higher than the rate of incoming messages per second. For example, to receive 2000 messages per second, set the so-rcvbuf() at least to 2 097 152 bytes. |
trim-large-messages()
| Type: |
yes|no |
| Default: |
Use the global trim-large-messages() option, which defaults to no. |
Description: Determines what syslog-ng PE does with incoming log messages that are received using the IETF-syslog protocol using the syslog() driver, and are longer than the value of log-msg-size(). Other drivers ignore the trim-large-messages() option.
-
If set to no, syslog-ng PE drops the incoming log message.
-
If set to yes, syslog-ng PE trims the incoming log message to the size set in log-msg-size(), and adds the trimmed tag to the message. The rest of the message is dropped. You can use the tag to filter on such messages.
filter f_trimmed {
tags("trimmed");
};
If syslog-ng PE trims a log message, it sends a debug-level log message to its internal() source.
As a result of trimming, a parser could fail to parse the trimmed message. For example, a trimmed JSON or XML message will not be valid JSON or XML.
Available in syslog-ng PE version 7.0.14 and later.
Uses the value of the global option if not specified.
tls()
| Type: |
tls options |
| Default: |
n/a |
Description: This option sets various options related to TLS encryption, for example, key/certificate files and trusted CA locations. TLS can be used only with tcp-based transport protocols. For details, see TLS options.
use-dns()
| Type: |
yes, no, persist_only |
| Default: |
yes |
Description: Enable or disable DNS usage. The persist_only option attempts to resolve hostnames locally from file (for example, from /etc/hosts). The syslog-ng PE application blocks on DNS queries, so enabling DNS may lead to a Denial of Service attack. To prevent DoS, protect your syslog-ng network endpoint with firewall rules, and make sure that all hosts which may get to syslog-ng are resolvable. This option can be specified globally, and per-source as well. The local setting of the source overrides the global option if available.
NOTE: This option has no effect if the keep-hostname() option is enabled (keep-hostname(yes)) and the message contains a hostname.
use-fqdn()
| Type: |
yes or no |
| Default: |
no |
Description: Use this option to add a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) instead of a short hostname. You can specify this option either globally or per-source. The local setting of the source overrides the global option if available.
TIP: Set use-fqdn() to yes if you want to use the custom-domain() global option.
NOTE: This option has no effect if the keep-hostname() option is enabled (keep-hostname(yes)) and the message contains a hostname.
use-syslogng-pid()
| Type: |
yes | no |
| Default: |
no |
Description: If the value of this option is yes, then the pid value of the message will be overridden with the pid of the running syslog-ng PE process.
