syslog-ng Premium Edition 7.0.34 - Administration Guide

Location

/patterndb/ruleset/rules/rule/patterns/examples/example

Description

OPTIONAL — A container element for a sample log message.

Attributes

N/A

Children

test_message: OPTIONAL — A sample log message that should match this pattern. For example:

<test_message program="myapplication">Content filter has been enabled</test_message>

program: The program pattern of the test message. For example:

<test_message program="proftpd">ubuntu (::ffff:192.168.2.179[::ffff:192.168.2.179]) - FTP session closed.</test_message>

test_values: OPTIONAL — A container element to test the results of the parsers used in the pattern.
- test_value: OPTIONAL — The expected value of the parser when matching the pattern to the test message. For example:
```
<test_value name=".dict.ContentFilter">enabled</test_value>
```
  - name: The name of the parser to test.

Example

<examples>
    <example>
        <test_message>Accepted password for sampleuser from 10.50.0.247 port 42156 ssh2</test_message>
        <test_values>
            <test_value name="SSH.AUTH_METHOD">password</test_value>
            <test_value name="SSH_USERNAME">sampleuser</test_value>
            <test_value name="SSH_CLIENT_ADDRESS">10.50.0.247</test_value>
            <test_value name="SSH_PORT_NUMBER">42156</test_value>
        </test_values>
    </example>
</examples>

Element: actions

Location

/patterndb/ruleset/actions

Description

OPTIONAL — A container element for actions that are performed if a message is recognized by the pattern. For details on actions, see Triggering actions for identified messages.

Attributes

N/A

Children

action

Example

Example: Generating messages for pattern database matches

When inserted in a pattern database rule, the following example generates a message when a message matching the rule is received.

<actions>
    <action>
        <message>
            <values>
                <value name="MESSAGE">A log message from ${HOST} matched rule number $.classifier.rule_id</value>
            </values>
        </message>
    </action>
</actions>

To inherit the properties and values of the triggering message, set the inherit-properties attribute of the <message> element to TRUE. That way the triggering log message is cloned, including name-value pairs and tags. If you set any values for the message in the <action> element, they will override the values of the original message.

Example: Generating messages with inherited values

The following action generates a message that is identical to the original message, but its $PROGRAM field is set to overriding-original-program-name

<actions>
    <action>
        <message inherit-properties='TRUE'>
            <values>
                <value name="PROGRAM">overriding-original-program-name</value>
            </values>
        </message>
    </action>
</actions>

Element: action

Location

/patterndb/ruleset/actions/action

Description

OPTIONAL — A container element describing an action that is performed when a message matching the rule is received.

Attributes

condition: A syslog-ng filter expression. The action is performed only if the message matches the filter. The filter can include macros and name-value pairs extracted from the message. When using actions together with message-correlation, you can also use the $(context-length) macro, which returns the number of messages in the current context. For example, this can be used to determine if the expected number of messages has arrived to the context: condition='"$(context-length)" >= "5"'
rate: Specifies maximum how many messages should be generated in the specified time period in the following format: <number-of-messages>/<period-in-seconds>. For example: 1/60 allows 1 message per minute. Rates apply within the scope of the context, that is, if context-scope="host" and rate="1/60", then maximum one message is generated per minute for every host that sends a log message matching the rule. Excess messages are dropped. Note that when applying the rate to the generated messages, syslog-ng PE uses the timestamps of the log messages, similarly to calculating the context-timeout. That way rate is applied correctly even if the log messages are processed offline.
trigger: Specifies when the action is executed. The trigger attribute has the following possible values:
- match: Execute the action immediately when a message matching the rule is received.
- timeout: Execute the action when the correlation timer (context-timeout) of the pattern database rule expires. This is available only if actions are used together with correlating messages.

Children

create-context
message: A container element storing the message to be sent when the action is executed. Currently syslog-ng PE sends these messages to the internal() destination.
- For details on the message context, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases and Actions and message correlation. For details on triggering messages, see Triggering actions for identified messages
  
  inherit-mode: This attribute controls which name-value pairs and tags are propagated to the newly generated message.
  - context: syslog-ng PE collects every name-value pair from each message stored in the context, and includes them in the generated message. If a name-value pair appears in multiple messages of the context, the value in the latest message will be used. Note that tags are not merged, the generated message will inherit the tags assigned to the last message of the context.
  - last-message: Only the name-value pairs appearing in the last message are copied. If the context contains only a single message, then it is the message that triggered the action.
  - none: An empty message is created, without inheriting any tags or name-value pairs.
- inherit-properties: This attribute is deprecated. Use the inherit-mode attribute instead.
  
  If set to TRUE, the original message that triggered the action is cloned, including its name-value pairs and tags.
  
  If set to context, syslog-ng PE collects every name-value pair from each message stored in the context, and includes them in the generated message. If a name-value pair appears in multiple messages of the context, the value in the latest message will be used. Note that tags are not merged, the generated message will inherit the tags assigned to the last message of the context.
  
  For details on the message context, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases and Actions and message correlation. For details on triggering messages, see Triggering actions for identified messages
  
  This option is available in syslog-ng PE 5.3.2 and later.
values: A container element for values and fields that are used to create the message generated by the action.
- value: Sets the value of the message field specified in the name attribute of the element. For example, to specify the body of the generated message, use the following syntax:
```
<value name="MESSAGE">A log message matched rule number $.classifier.rule_id</value>
```
  Note that currently it is not possible to add DATE, FACILITY, or SEVERITY fields to the message.
  
  When the action is used together with message correlation, the syslog-ng PE application automatically adds fields to the message based on the context-scope parameter. For example, using context-scope="process" automatically fills the HOST, PROGRAM, and PID fields of the generated message.
- name: Name of the message field set by the value element.

Example

Example: Generating messages for pattern database matches

When inserted in a pattern database rule, the following example generates a message when a message matching the rule is received.

<actions>
    <action>
        <message>
            <values>
                <value name="MESSAGE">A log message from ${HOST} matched rule number $.classifier.rule_id</value>
            </values>
        </message>
    </action>
</actions>

Example: Generating messages with inherited values

The following action generates a message that is identical to the original message, but its $PROGRAM field is set to overriding-original-program-name

<actions>
    <action>
        <message inherit-properties='TRUE'>
            <values>
                <value name="PROGRAM">overriding-original-program-name</value>
            </values>
        </message>
    </action>
</actions>

Element: create-context

Location

/patterndb/ruleset/actions/action/create-context

Description

OPTIONAL — Creates a new correlation context from the current message and its associated context. This can be used to "split" a context.

Available in syslog-ng PE version 7 and later.

Attributes

context-id: OPTIONAL — An identifier to group related log messages when using the pattern database to correlate events. The ID can be a descriptive string describing the events related to the log message (for example, ssh-sessions for log messages related to SSH traffic), but can also contain macros to generate IDs dynamically. When using macros in IDs, see also the context-scope attribute. Starting with syslog-ng PE version 7.0, if a message is added to a context, syslog-ng PE automatically adds the identifier of the context to the .classifier.context_id macro of the message. For details on correlating messages, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases.

NOTE: The syslog-ng PE application determines the context of the message after the pattern matching is completed. This means that macros and name-value pairs created by the matching pattern database rule can be used as context-id macros.
context-timeout: OPTIONAL — The number of seconds the context is stored. Note that for high-traffic log servers, storing open contexts for long time can require significant amount of memory. For details on correlating messages, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases.
context-scope: OPTIONAL — Specifies which messages belong to the same context. This attribute is used to determine the context of the message if the context-id does not specify any macros. Usually, context-scope acts a filter for the context, with context-id refining the filtering if needed. The following values are available:
- process: Only messages that are generated by the same process of a client belong to the same context, that is, messages that have identical ${HOST}, ${PROGRAM} and ${PID} values. This is the default behavior of syslog-ng PE if context-scope is not specified.
- program: Messages that are generated by the same application of a client belong to the same context, that is, messages that have identical ${HOST} and ${PROGRAM} values.
- host: Every message generated by a client belongs to the same context, only the ${HOST} value of the messages must be identical.
- global: Every message belongs to the same context.
NOTE: Using the context-scope attribute is significantly faster than using macros in the context-id attribute.

For details on correlating messages, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases.

Children

message: A container element storing the message that is added to the new context when the action is executed.
- inherit-mode: This attribute controls which name-value pairs and tags are propagated to the newly generated message.
  - context: syslog-ng PE collects every name-value pair from each message stored in the context, and includes them in the generated message. If a name-value pair appears in multiple messages of the context, the value in the latest message will be used. Note that tags are not merged, the generated message will inherit the tags assigned to the last message of the context.
  - last-message: Only the name-value pairs appearing in the last message are copied. If the context contains only a single message, then it is the message that triggered the action.
  - none: An empty message is created, without inheriting any tags or name-value pairs.
  For details on the message context, see Correlating log messages using pattern databases and Actions and message correlation. For details on triggering messages, see Triggering actions for identified messages

Example

The following example creates a new context whenever the rule matches. The new context receives 1000 as ID, and program as scope, and the content set in the <message> element of the <create-context> element.

<rule provider='test' id='12' class='violation'>
  <patterns>
    <pattern>simple-message-with-action-to-create-context</pattern>
  </patterns>
  <actions>
    <action trigger='match'>
      <create-context context-id='1000' context-timeout='60' context-scope='program'>
        <message inherit-properties='context'>
          <values>
            <value name='MESSAGE'>context message</value>
          </values>
        </message>
      </create-context>
    </action>
  </actions>
</rule>

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syslog-ng Premium Edition 7.0.34 - Administration Guide

Element: example

Location

Description

Attributes

Children

Example

Element: actions

Location

Description

Attributes

Children

Example

Example: Generating messages for pattern database matches

Example: Generating messages with inherited values

Element: action

Location

Description

Attributes

Children

Example

Example: Generating messages for pattern database matches

Example: Generating messages with inherited values

Element: create-context

Location

Description

Attributes

Children

Example