Client computer
Domain-joined client computers running Windows 8 or Windows Server 2012 are required for claims-based authorization when using device claims. A domain controller issues claims in the Kerberos ticket in response to an authentication request created by a client computer, so the computer needs to understand how to request claim information when making authentication requests, and how to locate a claims-aware domain controller. Computers running earlier versions of the Windows operating system do not have such knowledge, so they cannot request user or device claims upon user authentication. Although applications and services that require claim information can request user claims on their own, this is not the case with the device claims. If you need to use device claims, the user must log on from a computer running Windows 8, Windows Server 2016, or a later version of the Windows operating system. This requirement does not apply to authorization scenarios that employ user claims only.
By default, from Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 based computers do not request user or device claims upon user authentication. You need to enable claim support on client computers by using Group Policy. The Group Policy setting that serves this purpose is located in Computer Configuration > Policies > Administrative Templates > System > Kerberos > Kerberos client support for claims, compound authentication and Kerberos armoring. Enable this policy setting in a Group Policy Object applied to the Organizational Unit that holds the computer accounts of client computers.
Claim Type management overview
After you enable the KDC support for claims, compound authentication and Kerberos armoring Group Policy setting, your Windows Server 2012 (or later) domain controllers are ready to issue claims in response to authentication requests. However, you need to configure claim types before the domain controller can issue claims.
You can use Active Roles to create attribute-based claim types that source their information from user and computer attributes. The claim types you create are stored in the configuration partition of the Active Directory forest. All domains within that forest share the claim types and domain controllers from those respective domains issue claim information during user authentication.
It is important that the Active Directory attributes intended to source claim types contain accurate information. Incorrect attribute information can lead to unexpected access to data using claims-based authorization. You can ensure the accuracy of information held in claim source attributes by leveraging property generation and validation policies provided by Active Roles.
You can use the Active Roles Console to create, modify and delete user and computer claim types. The claim type objects are stored in the configuration partition of the Active Directory forest, and appear under the Active Directory > Claim Types node in the Active Roles Console. If you have domains from multiple forests registered with Active Roles, then the Console tree provides a separate Claim Types node for each forest. The forest to which a given Claim Types node applies is identified by the name (or a part of the name) of the forest root domain shown in brackets next to the name of the node.
The Active Roles Console provides the following pages for creating and modifying claim types:
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Source Attribute: On this page you can select the Active Directory attribute from which the claim value is obtained, specify the display name and description for the claim type, and choose whether the claim type applies to a user, computer, or both.
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Suggested Values: This page allows you to configure predetermined selectable values from which you can choose when using the claim type in a conditional expression for an access rule.
On these pages you can view or change the following configuration settings.
Source attribute setting
On the Source Attribute page you can select, view or change the source attribute for the claim type. The source attribute is the Active Directory attribute from which the value is obtained for claims of this claim type.
The page provides a list allowing you to select the desired attribute. The list includes the attributes for the User, Computer, InetOrgPerson, ManagedServiceAccount, GroupManagedServiceAccount and Auxiliary classes of object, with the exception of:
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Attributes marked as defunct in the Active Directory schema.
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Password attributes such as dBCSPwd, lmPwdHistory, and unicodePwd.
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Attributes that are not replicated among domain controllers.
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Attributes that are not available on read-only domain controllers.
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Attributes with an Active Directory syntax type other than:
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String: DN String, Unicode, NT Security Descriptor, or Object ID.
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Integer or Large Integer.
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Boolean.
For an existing claim type, the page displays the current source attribute of the claim type, and allows you to select a different attribute of the same syntax type. However, changing the source attribute does not change the ID of the claim type.
Claim type identifier setting
The claim type identifier (ID) determines the Common Name (cn) of the claim type object in Active Directory. Normally, Active Roles automatically generates an ID when creating a claim type. The automatically generated ID has the following format:
ad://ext/attributeName:uniqueHexidecimalNumber
In this format, attributeName stands for the LDAP display name of the source attribute of the claim type, while uniqueHexidecimalNumber is a random-generated string of hexadecimal characters that ensures the uniqueness of the claim type ID.
To enable authorization scenarios where claims are used across a forest trust, you need to create claim types in both the trusted forest and trusting forest with the same claim type ID. Domain controllers in a trusting forest receiving claims from a trusted forest cannot understand these claims unless:
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Each claim has a claim type object created in both forests.
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The claim type ID in the trusting forest is identical to the claim type ID in the trusted forest.
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A Claim Transformation Policy Object is applied to allow incoming claims across the forest trust.
Therefore, when you create a claim type object, you may need to specify the appropriate claim type ID by hand. The option Set ID to a semantically identical claim type in a trusted forest serves this purpose, allowing you to type in an ID instead of having it created automatically. If you choose to enter an ID by hand, ensure that your ID string specifies a unique ID and conforms to the following format:
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Starts with the ad://ext/ prefix.
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The prefix is followed by 1 to 32 characters.
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Does not contain space characters or these characters: \ * ? " < > |.
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If a slash mark (/) occurs after the ad://ext/ prefix, then the slash mark must be surrounded by a character on each side. The surrounding character must not be a colon (:) or slash mark.
A valid example of an ID string is ad://ext/BusinessImpact.
The option Set ID to a semantically identical claim type in a trusted forest is available only when you create a claim type object. The ID should not be changed on existing claim type objects. When you create a claim type object, it is advisable to let an ID be generated automatically unless a business need justifies otherwise, such as the use of claim transformation policies in a multi-forest environment. This ensures that the newly created claim type has a valid, unique ID.